Current Issue

  • Carbon-based fuel conversion and utilization in liquid metal anode solid oxide fuel cells

    GU Xin;JIANG Yidong;SHI Yixiang;CAI Ningsheng;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University;School of Materials Science &Engineering,Fuzhou University;

    Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) have attracted much attention in the area of power generation due to their high energy efficiency and low pollution emissions. However,when complex fuels such as carbon or hydrocarbons are used directly,traditional SOFCs with solid anodes face challenges such as poor fuel transportation,coking and carbon deposition in anode,which has always been a critical issue that researchers continue to tackle. Liquid metal anode(LMA) is a new type of SOFC anode with self-repairing and anti-coking and carbon deposition properties,which exhibits obvious advantages in the conversion of carbon and hydrocarbon fuels. This paper first briefly introduces the operating principle of liquid metal anodes,then the reaction characteristics of several common types of existing liquid metal electrodes are summarized. Among them,the metal oxide corresponding to the liquid antimony anode is in a liquid state at the conventional operating temperature of SOFC(700-800 ℃), which allows for efficient oxygen transport within the electrode through natural convection driven by density differences. Therefore,the liquid antimony anode exhibits excellent reaction characteristics,which is the most promising liquid metal electrode for converting various carbon-based fuels. Then,the conversion mechanism of solid carbon fuels and various types of hydrocarbon fuels in liquid antimony anodes is summarized, and the catalytic effect and impurity tolerance characteristics of liquid metal anodes is reviewed. Finally,considering that the metal-metal oxide self-circulation in the liquid metal anode will cause theoretical efficiency loss,this paper conducts theoretical calculations and proposes an autothermal reforming strategy based on liquid metal anodes. Based on this,the liquid metal anode SOFC is conceptualized as an "electrochemical reformer" for combined gas and electricity production,then the generated H_2 and CO are introduced into a downstream conventional SOFC,enabling the cascade utilization of energy. This approach holds promise for developing a comprehensive power generation technology with wide fuel adaptability and high energy efficiency.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1644K]

  • Advancements in CO2 adsorption performance of porous organic framework structures and their derivatives

    ZHANG Yuke;LI Xiangyu;WANG Jiancheng;YI Qun;State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Utilization of Coal-based Energy,Taiyuan University of Technology;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology;School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Wuhan Institute of Technology;

    In response to the urgent need to address global climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions,the development of efficient and cost-effective CO_2 capture technologies has become a primary focus of scientific research. In this context,Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOFs) and Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs),along with their derivatives,have emerged as prominent areas of study due to their unique physicochemical properties. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes recent advancements in CO_2 adsorption research related to MOFs,COFs,and other porous structures. Herein, It compares and explores the performance optimization strategies for CO_2 capture in MOFs, COFs,and their derivatives. The focus is on aspects such as material design and synthesis, CO_2 adsorption performance evaluation,and adsorption mechanism analysis. The key factors influencing structural adsorption performance were comprehensively summarized,with particular emphasis on the impact of structural functionalization,pore size modulation,surface property enhancement,and composite materials on CO_2 adsorption capacity. Additionally,it discusses the combined experimental and theoretical approaches used to reveal the interaction mechanisms between adsorbents and adsorbates,providing molecular-level insights.Finally,the paper addresses existing problems and challenges in current research and proposes directions and recommendations for future studies.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1665K]

  • Research progress on selective thermal extraction and product analysis of low-rank coal

    LIANG Peng;HAO Meilu;QIN Xizhuang;College of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology;

    Low-rank coals such as lignite and sub-bituminous coal have high oxygen content, volatile matter and reactivity, and are suitable for using in the preparation of high value-added oxygenated chemicals such as phenols,esters and ketones,thus realizing the highefficiency and low-carbon utilization of low-rank coals. Thermal extraction is the key method for the selective separation of phenols,esters and ketones from low-rank coals under mild conditions. The thermal extraction process involves the breaking and reforming of chemical bonds. Research progress on thermal extraction to separate phenols,esters and ketones in low-rank coals was summarized in terms of the structures and types of low-rank coal,solvent types,extraction temperatures and extraction methods. The mechanisms of selective thermal extraction of phenols,esters and ketones in low-rank coals by different solvents were summed up. The current status of the application of different analytical methods were also illustrated. Structural models of low-rank coals have not been unified,while the widely accepted host-guest model suggests that separation of oxygenated structures can be achieved by directed interruption of covalent and non-covalent bonds among coal molecules. The type and number of chemical bonds among coal molecules and the lithotype of coal are different for different degree of coalification,thus the organic matter extracted from different types of low rank coals varies considerably. Compared with high-boiling solvents, low-boiling solvents are more suitable for selective thermal extraction of low-rank coals because of their suitable extraction yield and easy separation from thermal extraction products; however,conventional solvents exhibit a limited range of properties for thermal extraction. The design of ionic liquids with suitable extraction yield （≤30%） and high selectivity for oxygenated functional groups is the future development direction. In addition, analytical methods such as precision instrumentation and pretreatment of thermal extraction products are useful for a full understanding of the thermal extraction process,however,it is necessary to introduce more advanced analytical methods and establish cost-effective purification methods in view of the complexity of the composition of thermal extraction products. For practical industrial applications,advanced processes and equipment need to be developed and evaluated for techno-economics.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1500K]

  • Analysis of application prospects of solid state hydrogen storage technology in the demonstration project of “hydrogen entering myriad homes”

    ZHAO Qiang;LI Lijun;ZHAO Chaoshan;HAO Jia;LIU Jun;WANG Xinyu;PAN Fengwen;National Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Center;

    The development of hydrogen energy is an important measure for China to promote energy structure transformation and achieve “ carbon peak”. Hydrogen energy mainly has been demonstrated and applied in fuel cell vehicles, with a relatively single application scenario which cannot drive the construction of a complete hydrogen energy supply system in the hydrogen energy industry chain. At present,the Ministry of Science and Technology,in collaboration with the Shandong Provincial Government,is implementing the “Hydrogen Entering Myriad Homes” technology demonstration project in the Shandong region. Focusing on the implementation of the construction goals of one hydrogen expressway,two hydrogen ports,three science popularization bases,four hydrogen parks,and five hydrogen energy societies,the application demonstration of industrial parks,community buildings,transportation and mobile energy use,ports, highways and other scenarios is carried out, through the construction of pure hydrogen pipe networks, hydrogen blending of natural gas and other measures. Constructing large-scale hydrogen energy application scenarios in three areas,including industrial energy supply,urban energy supply,and transportation,and creating a Qilu model for the “Hydrogen Entering Myriad Homes” demonstration project,which contributes Shandong's experience to the development of the national hydrogen energy industry. Solid metal hydrogen storage has broad market prospects in industrial energy supply, urban energy supply, transportation and other scenarios due to its advantages of high volume hydrogen storage efficiency,high energy efficiency,and high-level safety. It can effectively solve the problems that have been exposed in the transportation, storage, and refueling of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. In this article, the future application of solid state metal hydrogen storage technology was analyzed and prospected, including hydrogen storage, distribution,supply and heat transfer, based on hydrogen energy application scenarios in “ Hydrogen Entering Myriad Homes” and the characteristics of its technology. The development of solid metal hydrogen storage technology is predicted,which will play an important role in hydrogen storage of station, hydrogen energy storage/power generation, emergency power supply for hydrogen exchange,combined heat and power supply for hydrogen storage and supply,etc. Magnesium-based materials has a high matching degree in longdistance transportation of large volume solid hydrogen storage,application of hydrogen storage in hydrogen stations and combined heat and power storage and supply,which solves the problem of easy control of hydrogen storage and release. Building a high-density hydrogen storage static compression integration system will improve energy consumption and safety. Lanthanide and titanum-based materials is suitable for large-scale storage of hydrogen,applied in the field of hydrogen energy storage/power generation,to complete the process of normal temperature and low pressure hydrogen storage. Lanthanide nickel-based materials be applied to emergency power supply hydrogen storage,to achieve rapid hydrogen absorption and discharge,which has certain reference significance for the industry.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1396K]

  • Evolution of high-carbon resource utilization and pathways to achieve low-carbonization

    LIANG Dingcheng;XIE Zhucan;GE Junhan;XIE Qiang;LIU Guangbo;TSUBAKI Noritatsu;CHEN Qingping;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing;Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Department of Applied Chemistry,Graduate School of Engineering,University of Toyama;

    High-carbon resources have primarily been used as energy sources for over half a century. Although it has greatly promoted the prosperity and development of human society,it has also caused serious damage to the Earth's environment,especially the burning of high carbon resources that releases a large amount of greenhouse gases,posing a serious threat to sustainable human development. From the perspective of global development and utilization of high carbon resources,promoting low-carbon utilization of high carbon resources is an inevitable trend for future development and a necessary way to solve major environmental problems such as climate change and ecological damage. Therefore,systematically elaborates on the development process of high carbon resources and the problems they face,analyzes the necessity of achieving low-carbon utilization of high carbon resources,and explores specific ways of low-carbon utilization of high carbon resources such as coal,oil,and natural gas. The conclusion is that:In the short term,measures such as optimizing the energy structure,improving resource utilization efficiency,and promoting carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS) technology can be taken to gradually reduce the carbon emission intensity of high carbon resources,achieving low-carbon,clean,and efficient utilization throughout the entire process from source to end. In the long run,fully utilizing the raw material properties of high carbon resources. By continuously optimizing and innovating the use of technology, promoting the refinement and high-value utilization of high carbon resources. Effectively reducing carbon emissions through the production of chemicals lays the foundation for achieving sustainable development and long-term carbon neutrality goals. Looking ahead to the future,with the rapid development of renewable resources.Further integrating high carbon resources with renewable resources will become an important path to address the challenges of global energy transition and carbon reduction.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1533K]

  • Research progress in methane combustion catalyzed by perovskite catalysts

    ZHU Tao;WANG Meidan;YUAN Bo;ZHANG Xueli;ZHANG Xinyue;HUANG Yuhuan;LI Chen;XU Xudong;SUN Qian;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing;State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control (Henan Polytechnic University);Shanxi Gemeng Sino US Clean Energy R & D Center Co.,Ltd.;

    Coal mine ventilation air methane is the associated gas of coal mine,and the main component is methane. A large amount of coal mine ventilation air methane released into the atmosphere has caused ecological problems such as global warming. Therefore,the emission reduction of the ventilation air methane is crucial to achieving the “ Double Carbon” target. Catalytic combustion is a promising method for emission reduction of methane,the key lies in the development of low cost and high catalytic activity catalysts. In recent years,perovskite oxides have attracted great attention in the field of methane catalytic combustion due to the advantages of flexible composition,special structure,low cost and regulation of catalytic performance. In the industrial application of perovskite catalyst for low concentration methane,there are problems such as low catalytic performance and sulfur poisoning,which hinder the further development of perovskite oxide catalytic methane combustion system. The regulative structure and synthesis method of perovskite catalyst were introduced,the mechanism of methane catalytic combustion on perovskite catalyst was summarized,the reason of perovskite inactivation caused by the presence of sulfur was analyzed, and the design method of perovskite catalyst to improve catalytic activity and sulfur resistance was emphasized. It was found that by optimizing preparation conditions, element doping, acid solution treatment, and constructing porous new perovskite,the number of surface active sites and oxygen vacancies of perovskite can be increased,meanwhile,the dispersion degree of active components on the catalyst surface can be increased,thus improving the catalytic activity. Finally,the future design direction of methane combustion catalyzed by perovskite catalyst is prospected.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1735K]

  • Progress and prospect of oxy-rich combustion mechanism of coal powder based on cross-scale molecular reaction simulation

    ZHANG Hai;LIU Wenyang;CAO Junjie;WU Kunmin;LUO Saibei;FAN Weidong;School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University;

    As a crucial approach for achieving efficient CO2 capture in coal-fired power plants, oxy-fuel combustion technology for pulverized coal has emerged as a major focus of global research due to its substantial potential to reduce CO2 emissions. In light of China's reliance on coal as a primary energy source, a comprehensive understanding of the complex reaction networks and microscopic interaction mechanisms of pulverized coal under oxy-fuel combustion conditions is essential for advancing the sustainable utilization of coal.However, traditional experimental methods, constrained by the disconnection between macroscopic statistical properties and microscopic reaction details, has struggled to precisely reveal the influence mechanisms of various factors on coal pyrolysis/combustion processes or the dynamic molecular-level evolution during reactions. With recent advancements in computational chemistry, cross-scale simulation methods integrating Reactive Molecular Dynamics(ReaxFF MD) and Density Functional Theory(DFT) have provided a new paradigm to overcome these technical barriers. Building on this foundation, this study initiates from three-dimensional grid-based coal structural models and extends to coal-matrix analog models. Through molecular and quantum chemical cross-scale investigations, it systematically examines product release patterns, nitrogen migration characteristics, and key reaction mechanisms during pulverized coal pyrolysis and combustion. The work specifically analyzes the regulatory mechanisms of oxy-fuel combustion atmospheres(CO2/H2O) on these processes, while probing the functional mechanisms of characteristic coal components(characteristic electron groups and metal atoms)under oxygen-enriched conditions. Finally, several critical issues has been summarized and discussed in this study, including the revelation of the reaction processes within the intricate coal structure, the development of reaction force fields, and the refinement of molecular models. This endeavor aims to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the development of novel oxygen-rich combustion technologies.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1772K]

  • Reactive characteristics and kinetic analysis of organic macerals in Qinghua bituminous coal via chemical looping gasification

    WAN Huining;WANG Qiang;YAO Qi;LU Youpeng;WU Jianbo;WU Yuhua;ZHANG Hui;BAI Hongcun;State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ningxia University;

    Coal chemical looping gasification(CLG) is a pivotal technology for the clean utilization and efficient transformation of coal resources. It represents a novel and high-quality approach with distinctive innovative productivity and holds significant importance for sustainability. Coal CLG process mainly involves the reaction of different organic macerals in coal with gasification agents under the action of oxygen carriers(OCs). However,the differences in the transformation behavior and mechanism of these macerals remain unclear. In this study,we used thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA) to investigate the CLG characteristics of the vitrinite and inertinite components of Qinghua bituminous coal. We also analyzed the kinetics of CLG reaction based on gas-solid reaction models. The results showed that the chemical looping gasification reactions of vitrinite and inertinite correspond to three distinct reaction stages. The reactivity of vitrinite was higher than that of inertinite at the same temperature. This is attributed to the greater structural stability of the inertinite compared to the vitrinite. Additionally, nickel-based OCs exhibited a more pronounced catalytic effect upon the vitrinite. At different gasification temperatures,the carbon conversion rate of organic macerals increased with the gasification reaction time. Based on the fitting results of three gas-solid reaction kinetic models, the spherical shrinking core model effectively represented the CLG process of the microcomponents in Qinghua bituminous coal. It emerged as the optimal mechanistic function. This model was selected to calculate the kinetic parameters of the CLG reaction. The activation energies for the vitrinite and inertinite were 169.78 kJ/mol and 176.46 kJ/mol,respectively. The higher activation energy of the inertinite indicates that it has poorer chemical looping gasification reactivity compared to vitrinite. This difference needs to be emphasized in the reaction process.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1989K]

  • Hydrogen production from steam reforming of long chain hydrocarbon fuels using pyrochlore supported catalysts

    LI Lin;WANG Yurui;LI Shuang;SHI Yixiang;Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy,Tsinghua University;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education,Tsinghua University;

    Hydrogen-rich syngas production via diesel steam reforming(DSR) is of great interest because of the high H_2/CO ratio and the availability of external heat sources.However,due to the elongated carbon chains and intricate composition in diesel fuels,there are some technical challenges such as low hydrogen yield,hot sintering at high temperature and carbon deposition in the process of hydrogen production.In order to achieve efficient reforming of diesel for hydrogen production,an innovative catalyst using pyrochlore carriers with different A-site cations(La~(3+)/Pr~(3+)/Sm~(3+)) and a B-site consisting of the Ce element as a carrier supported by precious metals Rh was synthesized.Because the carrier has a better oxygen mobility,the performance of diesel reforming is improved,and the occurrence of catalyst carbon deposition is alleviated.Raman and EPR results shows,comparing Pr_2Ce_2O_7、Sm_2Ce_2O_7 and CeO_2 carriers,La_2Ce_2O_7 carrier contains the highest amount of oxygen vacancies and superoxide ions(O_2~-).Furthermore,XPS and O_2-TPD results indicate,contrast with other Rh-supported catalysts,3%Rh/La_2Ce_2O_7 catalyst formed more abundant and active surface adsorbed oxygen species,which is closely related to the best performance of 3%Rh/La_2Ce_2O_7 catalyst in n-hexadecane steam reforming.The 3%Rh/La_2Ce_2O_7 catalyst exhibited the highest conversion rate and reached up to 97.2%,the highest hydrogen volume content at 70.2%and the lowest byproduct volume content.Specifically,the CH_4 volume content was 0.03%,C_2H_4 content was not been founded due to below the detection line 0.000 01%,and the volume content of C_2-C_5 hydrocarbons was merely 0.000 5%.Notably,the 1%Rh/La_2Ce_2O_7 catalyst with further reduction of Rh content,when applied in the steam reforming of actual fuel diesel,the performance is only slightly worse than that of nhexadecane reforming,the conversion rate still reached up to 97.2%,hydrogen volume content achieves 67.9%,with remarkably low byproduct volume contents of 0.15%methane,0.04%ethylene,and 0.07%C_2-C_5 hydrocarbons.This catalyst exhibits outstanding reforming performance and demonstrates excellent resistance to carbon deposition,thereby showing a great potential in large-scale engineering application.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1722K]

  • Adsorption properties of composites prepared by one-pot method

    MA Yakai;ZHU Xifeng;WANG Chu;School of Engineering Science,University of Science and Technology of China;

    In order to address the threat of antibiotic contamination in the aquatic environment to the ecosystem and human health, as well as to promote the high-value utilization of heavy bio-oil, the present study is dedicated to the development of a porous carbon material with high adsorption capacity and high stability. Aiming at the problems of single pore structure and insufficient surface active sites of traditional biochar adsorbents, the synergistic strategy of metal-organic skeleton template method and chemical activation was combined. By regulating the carbonation process of the heavy components of bio-oil, the adsorption mechanism of tetracycline was explored to provide theoretical support for the large-scale application of green adsorbent materials. In this study, porous carbon materials were prepared by using the heavy fraction of bio-oil as a renewable carbon source, and by synchronously integrating the 2-methylimidazole zinc salt and the KOH activator through the one-pot method to achieve the synergistic effect of template-directed poremaking and chemical activation during the high-temperature carbonization process. In order to reveal the synergistic mechanism, three types of materials containing only template(HZ-800), only activator(HK-800) and both synergistically(HZK-800) were prepared in comparison. The system adopted specific surface area analysis and micro-morphological characterization to analyze the structural properties of the materials, investigated the influence of environmental conditions on the removal efficiency of tetracycline through a series of adsorption experiments, and elucidated the adsorption mechanism by combining kinetic modelling, isotherm fitting and thermodynamic parameter calculations. The results showed that the synergistic effect of the template and activator effectively constructed a hierarchical pore network, and HZK-800 exhibited a significantly optimized specific surface area and good pore structure, and its adsorption performance far exceeded that of a single treated material. The maximum adsorption capacity of this material for tetracycline reached 464.55 mg/g, and the adsorption efficiency remained stable in strong acid and alkali environments. Structural characterization confirmed that template-guided formation of mesoporous frameworks, activator etching to generate abundant micro-pores, and carbonation of aromatic components of bio-oil to form highly stable graphitized materials synergistically achieved the modulation of pore structure and surface chemistry. HZK-800 porous carbon showed significant advantages in adsorption capacity, environmental adaptability and cyclic stability. It provided an economical and efficient solution for antibiotic pollution treatment, as well as a new idea for the efficient transformation of biomass resources and the design of functionalized carbon materials, which was of practical significance in promoting the green development of water treatment adsorption technology.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1812K]

  • Crystal growth mechanism in hydrothermal synthesis of zinc-manganese based desulfurization sorbent

    WU Shuaishan;SUN Yangjie;NIU Fangfang;WANG Jiancheng;MI Jie;FENG Yu;State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology;Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology,Ministry of Education,Taiyuan University of Technology;

    Medium and high temperature gas desulfurization is one of the key technologies to realize the clean and efficient utilization of coal. The mechanism of sulfide growth and diffusion in the kinetics of metal oxide desulfurization reaction indicates that keeping the active component of desulfurization sorbent with high dispersion and small size is beneficial to reduce the diffusive and mass transfer resistance of the desulfurization reaction and to improve the utilization of the active phase. A series of zinc-manganese composite oxide desulfurization sorbent were hydrothermally synthesized using different types of zinc salts and hexamethylenetetetramine(HMTA) on nanofiber supporter loaded with MnO_2 seed layer,and the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the active-phase crystals were elucidated by exploring the interrelationships between the type of counter-ion and the grain size of zinc-manganese oxides. It was shown that the counter-ion in hydrothermal solution have a significant inhibitory behavior for the complexation and condensation reaction of Zn~(2+) with OH~-. Compared with NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-),the average grain size of Mn_3O_4 crystal phase in the desulfurization sorbent decreased by 39.2%,and the particle size of the active phase decreased by 24.7%. Meanwhile, desulfurization tests showed that the overall active component utilization of the desulfurization sorbent ZN@MCNFs was 7% higher than that of ZS@MCNFs. The crystal growth mechanism of zincmanganese-based desulfurization sorbent elucidated by the research provides theoretical support for the development of metal oxide desulfurization sorbent with excellent performance.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3071K]

  • Preparation of two-dimensional TiO2-Al2O3 support and its application in hydrodenitrification

    MIN Bingzhu;ZHANG Meng;WANG Xingbao;LI Wenying;State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Utilization of Coal-based Energy,Taiyuan University of Technology;College of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Taiyuan University of Technology;

    Processing and utilization of high-yield coal tar in China can alleviate the energy shortage. Hydrodenitrogenation(HDN) of coal tar is a significant way to utilize coal tar in a clean and efficient manner,and the key is the preparation of high performance HDN catalyst. There is a strong interaction between traditional Al_2O_3 and supported active metals, which affects the hydrogenation performance. Based on the special surface properties and layered structure of the two-dimensional support,a novel support material was prepared by modifying Al_2O_3 with graphene oxide as structure director and TiO_2 as the modifier. A set of NiMoS/TiO_2-Al_2O_3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation process and used in the quinoline HDN reaction. The effects of carrier dimensions on the structure of support and the catalytic performance of NiMoS catalysts for HDN were investigated. When HDN reaction was performed at 350 ℃ and 3 MPa(H_2) for 4h,compared with those of three-dimensional supported catalysts,the conversion rate of quinoline increased from 94.2% to 99.4%. The nitrogen removal efficiency of quinoline increased from 0.6% to 74.8%, the yields of propylcyclohexane and propylbenzene were 58.4% and 13.4%,respectively. The results indicate that the supported two-dimensional NiMoS/TiO_2-Al_2O_3 catalyst possesses better HDN performance. The geometrical structure of support and modified catalyst was further analyzed. It is found that twodimensional TiO_2-Al_2O_3 carrier exists porous lamellar structure, high proportion of Lewis acid, which is conducive to further hydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and open-loop of decahydroquinoline. Thereby the denitrogenation product,propylcyclohexane is generated. The NiMoS catalyst supported by two-dimensional TiO_2-Al_2O_3 exists large specific surface area,high dispersion of MoS_2 on the carrier surface,small cluster parti cles,weak metal-support interaction. And it is easily sulfurized to generate more active NiMoS phases, so it displays better catalytic HDN performance compared with the NiMoS catalyst supported by threedimensional TiO_2-Al_2O_3.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2178K]

  • Hydrocarbon resources production characteristics of in-situ pyrolysis of Shenfu tar-rich coal under mechanical-thermal coupling

    GUO Wei;YU Zunyi;YANG Panxi;WANG Jing;YANG Fu;LI Hongqiang;GAO Kun;MA Li;JING Qingwen;YANG Bolun;WU Zhiqiang;School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Xi'an Jiaotong University;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensifcation;Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization,Ministry of Natural and Resources,Shaanxi Provincial Coal Geology Group Co.,Ltd.;School of Electrical Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;Xi'an Langjie Test Equipment Co.,Ltd.;

    Given the challenges faced by in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal,such as high ground stress,complex geological conditions,and difficult analysis of pyrolysis products,a high-temperature triaxial test device was designed and built independently to simulate the in-situ pyrolysis process of tar-rich coal. The test device includes a high-temperature and high-pressure gas supply module,an in-situ pyrolysis module,a servo control module,and a product separation and cooling module. Taking the Shenfu tar-rich coal in Northern Shaanxi Province as the research object,the pyrolysis experiments of high temperature and high stress under different burial depths were simulated based on the high-temperature triaxial test device. The results show that the high-temperature triaxial apparatus can provide axial compression of 0～15 MPa(buried depth of 0～600 m). The loading response is rapid, and the stress can remain stable during pyrolysis. During the experiment,the high-temperature triaxial apparatus can heat the central temperature of coal samples over 600 ℃,and can realize the pyrolysis experiment of tar-rich coal at the set temperature. When the simulated burial depth increased from 100 m to 300 m,the axial stress on coal samples increased from 2.45 MPa to 7.35 MPa,the yield of pyrolysis semi-coke risen from 67.70% to 68.04%,and the tar yield first increased and then decreased,with the highest value of 6.50%. With the increase of simulated burial depth,the contents of light oil and phenol oil in tar gradually increased from 19% and 9.5% to 25% and 12% respectively. The proportion of pitch in tar is reduced from 25% to 20%; The aromatic hydrocarbon content increased from 32% to 38%,and the aliphatic hydrocarbon content decreased from 28.5% to 19.3%. The permeability of coal seam decreases with the increase of stress,which hinders the heat and mass transfer in the pyrolysis process,leading to the increase of residence time of pyrolysis products of tar-rich coal,the secondary reaction of tar,the fracture of long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and the transformation of methyl and methylene into small molecular compounds. On the other hand, stress promotes the condensation reaction of tar molecules and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increases rapidly. The increase of in-situ stress improves the yield of light aromatics and coke,and the quality of tar is improved to light weight.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2132K]

  • Preparation and electrochemical properties of functionalized graphene composite polyoxometalate electrode materials

    ZHONG Lirong;XIA Ming;LI Yanjun;LIU Yuanyuan;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yantai University;College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University;State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University;Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai,Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering;

    In recent years,water-zinc ion batteries have been widely concerned in the new energy storage system in the post-lithium era due to their advantages of low cost,abundant resources,and high theoretical capacity of the zinc negative electrode. However,finding suitable cathode materials is the key and challenge in the development of zinc-ion batteries. Polyoxomethanate(abbreviated as polyacids) are considered to be a highly promising electrode material due to their high redox activity and multi-electron transfer characteristics. However, issues such as easy dissolution, easy agglomeration, and poor conductivity of polyacids have hindered their application in the energy storage field. In order to solve these problems, polyaniline(PANI) was in-situ grown on the surface of graphene oxide(GO) as the substrate,and Keggin-type polyacid H_3PMo_(12)O_(40) was supported by electrostatic interaction. Finally,the rGO-PANI-PMo_(12)(GPM) composite materials were prepared. The intention of this work was to utilize graphene and its surface functional groups to improve the immobilization,dispersibility,and conductivity of polyacids. The characterizations of XRD,FTIR,SEM,TEM,XPS,and electrochemical performance tests were used to explore the influence of the ratio of GO and ANI on their morphology,structure,and electrochemical performance. The results showed that when the mass ratio of GO to ANI was 1∶20,the prepared GPM material exhibited both high redox activity of polyacids and high conductivity of graphene,having a high discharge specific capacity of 258 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g,and a capacity retention rate of 82.2% after 1 000 cycles at 2 A/g,demonstrating good cycle stability. In addition,the results of reaction kinetics studies indicate that the electrochemical reaction process of the GPM electrode is controlled by both diffusion and capacitance,thus exhibiting a faster Zn~(2+) diffusion rate and charge transfer rate.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2712K]

  • Fabrication of coal tar pitch group component based carbon materials for high-performance potassium storage

    LIU Chang;YANG Yunlei;WANG Le;WANG Xinhai;LI Xiao;ZHENG Yong;LI Hongmei;China Coal (Shenzhen) Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;School of Chemistry,Liaoning University;School of Material Science and Engineering,Shenyang Aerospace University;

    Recently,coal tar pitch-derived carbon materials have been widely used as anode materials for potassium-ion batteries due to their adjustable structure and high conductivity. However,the molecular structure and composition of coal tar pitch are complex and diverse, and the structural differences between different pitch components may affect the structure and electrochemical performance.Precise control over the microstructure of carbon materials is quite challenging, especially the relationship between the structural properties of coal tar pitch components and the potassium storage performance of their derived carbon is still unclear. Therefore,it is urgent to fully understand the composition and structural characteristics of the pitch,and investigate the impact of pitch composition on the formation of carbon microstructure and potassium storage performance. This work used solvent extraction technology to fractionate coal tar pitch, successfully separating toluene-soluble(TS), toluene insoluble-quinoline soluble(TI-QS) and quinoline insoluble(QI) component. The TS-derived carbon materials(TS-800) is primarily dominated by intercalation potassium storage. However,due to the limited number of storage sites and reduced spacing between carbon layers,it exhibits poor capacity and cycling stability. TIQS-800,due to the combination of intercalation and adsorption potassium storage,has a relatively higher capacity at low current density(333 mAh/g), but its rate performance significantly decreases under high current densities. QI-800 has a larger layer spacing and disorder degree,which is beneficial for rapid migration of potassium ions,and has the best rate performance,with relatively better cycling performance. This work not only provides new insights into the design and preparation of coal tar pitch-based carbon materials,but also offers important experimental data and theoretical support for the development of anode materials for potassium-ion batteries.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1665K]

  • Mechanism analysis and experiment for fluidized fine coals assisting stoker furnace combustion

    ZHU Shuang;GUO Qiang;FAN Chuigang;DING Guangchao;LI Songgeng;State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Liaoning Lvyuan Energy Environmental Protection Technology;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;

    In the context of dual-carbon resources,in order to achieve efficient and clean utilization of coal,an improved layer combustion method coupled with fluidized fine coal particles is adopted to enhance the combustion efficiency of coarse coal in grate furnace.Experiments are conducted to provide theoretical explanations for this phenomenon. Firstly,the feasibility of the composite combustion method was confirmed by isothermal combustion experiments within the tube furnace. Combustion characteristics are compared between cases of mixed fine/coarse coal and single coarse coal particle,in terms of flue gas composition,particle surface temperature,ignition time,and burn-out time. Both gas phase and solid phase data were analyzed to verify the combustion-promoting effect of fluidized fine coal. In addition,the influence of bed temperature,proportion of fine coal,and air flow on the combustion of mixed fine and coarse coal was systematically studied,with a focus on ignition time,burnout time,carbon conversion rate,particle surface temperature,and reaction index. This provides theoretical guidance for the practical application of the composite combustion method in layer combustion furnaces.To gain a deeper insight,an isoconversion method was used to analyze the combustion of mixed fine and coarse coal. The data indicate that,in the presence of fluidized fine coal,the ignition time is advanced by 59%,the burnout time is shortened by 26%,and the solid weight loss ratio is up to 98% within 6 minutes,demonstrating excellent ignition and combustion promotion effects. Factorial experiments show that the burning fluidized fine coal creates a high-temperature zone around the coarse coal. When the coarse and fine coals are mixed and burned, they can be ignited quickly at lower temperature(550℃). The optimized fine coal proportion is 33%. Furthermore,increasing the air flowrate can lead to early ignition and significantly shorten the burn-out time,but higher wind speeds will bring about convective cooling. Finally,kinetic calculations give an average apparent activation energy of 26.37 kJ/mol.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1984K]

  • Simulation optimization of oxygen-fuel combustion retrofitting of cement production system

    CHEN Tao;WANG Yuting;ZHOU Yuegui;College of Smart Energy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University;Institute of Thermal Energy Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University;

    The dry process cement production equipment with a daily production capacity of 3,000 tonnes of clinker was taken as the research object,and Aspen Plus software was used to establish the corresponding production process model. The system energy efficiency of cement clinker production by using oxygen-fuel pulverised coal combustion was investigated,as well as the CO_2 capture and integration of the system. The results show that a flue gas recirculation rate of 51% results in an oxygen-fuel atmosphere with the overall oxygen concentration of 26.4% with the temperature profile of the system closest to the air atmosphere at the same cement clinker input condition. The air separation device and CO_2 purification and compression device required for oxygen-fuel combustion will lead to a decrease in the energy efficiency of the system,which is 18.9% lower than that of the traditional method,and the production of 1 tonne of cement clinker using this method costs 532.1 yuan. However,the CO_2 capture cost of the system for cement clinker production using oxygen-fuel pulverised coal combustion technology is 227.3 yuan/t,which is 58% lower than that of the traditional post-combustion CO_2 capture cost. Accordingly,the use of oxygen-fuel combustion technology for cement clinker production not only ensures the clinker yield and quality,but also has a significant carbon capture cost advantage as the CO_2 capture cost is lower than that of post-combustion carbon capture technologies.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1479K]

  • Pulverized coal purification-combustion for the target of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality: Nitrogen transformation of purification reaction

    ZHANG Chi;REN Qiangqiang;HAN Shaobo;HU Yujie;CUI Ruifang;LI Linxuan;State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;

    Under the background of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the innovation of efficient and clean coal utilization technologies has become a significant research direction in the energy sector. The coal purification-combustion coupling technology,as a novel thermal conversion process,focuses on the efficient removal of fuel nitrogen through a pre-purification process,offering a new pathway for the source control of NO_x in subsequent combustion stages. To investigate the influence of reaction temperature on the nitrogen release and transformation characteristics during coal purification,experiments were conducted at varying temperatures on a self-constructed 1 700 ℃ four-temperature zone drop-tube furnace,based on high-temperature thermochemical conversion mechanisms.The results indicate that as the reaction temperature increased from 900 ℃ to 1 300 ℃,the proportions of H_2 and CO in the coal gas significantly increased,along with the gas yield and composition. The conversion rates of various components also increased,with the conversion rate of nitrogen to the gas phase jumping from 48.26% to 83.14%. A considerable portion of coke nitrogen was transformed at high temperatures,leaving only 16.86% of fuel nitrogen in the solid phase coke,which would be the primary source of NO_x in subsequent combustion processes. When the temperature reached 1 000 ℃,the conversion rate of fuel nitrogen to N_2 exceeded 50%,and higher temperatures further increased the proportion reduced to N_2, while also increasing the proportions converted to NH_3 and HCN.Promoting the release and reduction of fuel nitrogen to N_2 before combustion is crucial for NO_x emission reduction in coal combustion.On the other hand,after the purification reaction,the specific surface area and pore volume of Shenmu bituminous coal significantly increased,up to 66.3 times and 10.5 times that of the raw coal,respectively,with a decrease in average pore diameter. The stability of the fuel carbon framework decreased,and the number of reactive sites increased,improving the combustion characteristics of the fuel. This improvement was further enhanced with increasing temperature, demonstrating that the purification reaction is beneficial for the subsequent clean and efficient combustion of the fuel.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1490K]

  • Technical status of carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol and research progress of catalysts

    HE Nieyan;LI Xueqin;LIU Peng;CHEN Zhuo;ZHENG Binguo;LEI Tingzhou;Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green,Safe,and High Value Utilization Technology,Institute of Urban and Rural Mines,Changzhou University;School of Environmental Engineering,Henan University of Technology;Institute for Carbon Neutrality,Henan University of Technology;School of Management and Economics,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhengzhou University of

    The combustion of fossil fuels emits a large amount of greenhouse gases.The study of carbon dioxide(CO_2) emission reduction and utilization has become a hot spot of worldwide concern and an urgent problem to be solved.The synthesis of methanol from CO_2 is an effective way to achieve large-scale low-carbon emission reduction and clean energy reproduction. However,there are still some technical problems in the process of CO_2 conversion of high value-added products,such as unclear reaction active sites and high catalyst cost. This paper takes the synthesis route of CO_2 as raw material into high value-added chemicals as the starting point,introducing the technical route and development status of methanol synthesis from CO_2 hydrogenation,and summarizes the factors affecting its selectivity in methanol synthesis process. It is found that catalyst is one of the important factors affecting the process of CO_2 hydrogenation to methanol and further compares the characteristics of different catalysts. In particular,copper-based catalysts have good catalytic activity for the synthesis of high yield and high purity methanol. Finally, it analyzes the mechanism and existing problems of copper-based catalysts in methanol synthesis in detail, and the changes in the activity, selectivity and stability of the catalyst were analyzed from three aspects: Active components,carriers and additives. In order to provide a theoretical reference for the preparation and screening of copperbased catalysts with high activity and low cost for CO_2 hydrogenation to methanol, it also analyzes respectively the effects of active components,supports and additives on the activity,selectivity and stability of the catalysts.

    2025 02 v.31;No.174 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1407K]
    • 下载本期数据


Clean Coal Technology            京ICP备05086979号-19

Website  Copyright © 2019 Clean Coal Technology 
Coal Tower, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. 100013
Tel:  86-10-87986452 / 010-87986451           E-mail:  jjmjs@263.net