Current Issue

  • Applications of multimodal in situ characterization techniques in COx hydrogenation reactions

    YAN Ziyi;ZENG Jie;Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale,University of Science and Technology of China;

    CO_x hydrogenation represents a key catalytic process for the high-value utilization of exhaust gases. The underlying reaction mechanism involves complex phenomena,including heat and mass transfer,surface reactions,and dynamic evolution between the catalyst surface and bulk phases. With increasing complexity in catalytic structures and industrialization of reaction conditions,traditional ex-situ or static characterization techniques have shown growing limitations in spatial resolution, temporal responsiveness, and reaction environment compatibility, making it difficult to gain deep insights into reaction intermediates, active sites, and structure-activity relationships. In recent years, the rapid development of multimodal operando characterization techniques has provided new tools for uncovering key structural features and reaction pathways in CO_x hydrogenation systems. These methods enable simultaneous signal acquisition under real or near-real reaction conditions, coupled with high temporal and spatial resolution, allowing researchers to systematically observe the dynamic behavior of catalysts from multiple perspectives—including gas-phase species evolution,electronic state changes at the catalyst surface,active site transformation,and overall structural stability. The coordinated application of multiple techniques is gradually overcoming the inherent limitations of single methods in terms of atmosphere adaptability, information dimensionality, and the ability to resolve dynamic structures, thus supporting the construction of structure–reaction–performance relationships in complex catalytic systems. Through techniques such as synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry(SVUV-PIMS),steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis(SSITKA),infrared spectroscopy(IR),angle and energy-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),in situ X-ray diffraction(XRD),and M?ssbauer spectroscopy,researchers are able to systematically and quantitatively analyze key features of catalytic systems—including composition,electronic structure,and kinetic behavior—under realistic reaction conditions. These insights help elucidate the transformation of reaction intermediates and surface segregation processes,providing a scientific basis for the rational design of highly selective catalysts.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2412K]

  • Comparison on tech-economic analysis of large-scale hydrogen transportation modes

    ZHANG Zhiyin;HU Huimin;YANG Jie;HE Zhengguang;WANG Yaqin;WEN Chang;PowerChina Hubei Electric Engineering Co.,Ltd.;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;

    In the future, centralized hydrogen production methods have greater potential for scale compared to on-site hydrogen production and utilization. The traditional hydrogen transportation methods are difficult to meet the requirements of safety and efficiency.There is an urgent need to develop hydrogen transportation technologies such as hydrogen compression, liquefaction, and new hydrogencarrying materials to solve the technical problems in hydrogen transportation. Using the Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model(HDSAM), taking Ordos, the green hydrogen city in Northern Xinjiang, as an example, the total storage and transportation costs of four hydrogen transportation modes including the tube trailer, liquid hydrogen tank truck, pipeline and a combination of pipeline and tube trailer under different hydrogen transportation scales were calculated and predicted. The key factors influencing the total storage and transportation cost of hydrogen was analyzed, the specific costs under different transportation modes and distances was refined, and lowcost hydrogen storage and transportation plans in the near future(2023—2030) was explored, in order to put forward feasible suggestions.The results show that regardless of whether the hydrogen refueling cost is included in the total storage and transportation cost,the transportation cost of the trailer(33.43-34.77 yuan/kg) is the lowest when the hydrogen transportation scales are 8 000 tons and42 000 tons per year. If the refueling cost is not included in the total storage and transportation cost, the storage and transportation cost of liquid hydrogen tank trucks(37.32-46.16 yuan/kg) within the distance of 200-400 km is the lowest under the hydrogen transportation scales of 8 000 tons, 42 000 tons and 118 000 tons per year. The combined transportation mode of tube trailer and pipeline has the lowest total storage and transportation cost(32.29-35.18 yuan/kg) under the scale of hydrogen transportation of 118 000 tons per year and the transportation distance of 100-400 km. If the cost of hydrogen refueling is not included, the cost of liquid hydrogen tankers is the lowest within 400 kilometers. The pipeline transportation mode is not comparable to the economy of the other three modes within the scale of118 000 tons of hydrogen transportation per year. When the annual hydrogen transportation scale exceeds 416 000 tons, the total storage and transportation cost of pure pipelines over a long transportation distance of 1 000 kilometers will be lower than that of tube trailers and slightly higher than that of liquid hydrogen tankers.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1972K]

  • Milling and burnout characteristics of co-firing salix pellets in a 1 000 MW coal-fired power plant

    GUO Xingchao;DONG Shuai;SU Guoxin;LI Lei;LI Xiaodong;GUO Haijun;YANG Fuxin;TAN Houzhang;ZHANG Liang;WANG Xuebin;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;Guodian Shuangwei Shanghaimiao Power Plant;

    Co-firing biomass is one of the important pathways for achieving low-carbon retrofit of coal-fired power plant. To explore the feasibility of directly co-firing biomass pellets with coal in large coal-fired power plant,a field test using existing pulverizing systems for salix pellets pulverization was conducted in a 1 000 MW coal-fired power plant for the first time. Milling characteristics and safety of the medium-speed mill in grinding biomass power plant for the first time. Milling characteristics and safety of the medium-speed mill in grinding biomass pellets,influence of biomass blending on the fly ash and fuel burnout characteristics were analyzed. Results show that biomass powder particle size of the sand willow pellets, after being ground by a medium-speed mill, is primarily concentrated below1 000 μm. The medium-speed grinding of sand willow pellets is feasible,and the maximum output of the grinding process can exceed 40%of the designed coal mill output. The results of combustion characteristics with biomass addition show that more large black and irregularly shaped particles in the fly ash was observed. And the increase of biomass co-firing rate decreased the proportion of particles within size ranging 100-180 μm,while increased the proportion of particles within size ranging 50-75 μm. Besides,the unburned carbon content in fly ash gradually increased with the increasing biomass co-firing rate. With biomass co-firing amount increasing from 25 t/h to40 t/h,the fly ash carbon content increased from 0.77% to 1.01%. With biomass co-firing amount reached 45 t/h,the fly ash carbon content increased to 1.69%. Further analysis on the carbon content and burnout rate of biomass fly ash on basis of ash balance theory,demonstrated a trend of slight fluctuation followed by a significant decrease with the co-firing rate of biomass increasing. Within biomass co-firing rate ranging 25-40 t/h, the burnout rate remained above 99%. With biomass co-firing rate further increasing to 45 t/h, the burnout rate decreased slightly. Although the carbon content of biomass fly ash increases after co-firing,the actual burnout efficiency remains high due to the low ash content of biomass. Therefore,biomass co-firing has minimal impact on fuel burnout. The direct co-firing of salix pellets in large coal-fired power plant with medium-speed mills is highly feasible. However,the particle size of biomass powder and the co-firing ratio should be kindly regulated in order to ensure combustion efficiency and boiler operational stability. This study provides important field guidance for the direct co-firing of biomass in large coal-fired power plant in China.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2591K]

  • Gas-solid product characteristics of 10 MWel circulating fluidized bed biomass air gasification

    LU Xuao;ZHANG Jiafu;LUO Shiwen;GAO Daming;School of Energy,Power and Mechanical Engineering,North China Electric Power University;

    In order to optimize the design and operation parameters of the reactor and the value-added utilization of biomass char,the gas composition and gas production parameters of rice husk gasification were analyzed on the basis of gasification test. The surface morphology, physical characteristics and carbon structure of biomass char were characterized and analyzed by various methods. The results of gas analysis show that the volume fraction of CO in gas is the highest,about 18%,the volume fraction of H2 is about 7%,and the calorific value of gas is about 5.48 MJ/m~3,which belongs to low calorific value gas. The analysis of the physical characteristics of rice husk char shows that the main elements of char are C,O,Si and K. The BET specific surface area of char is 21.774 2 m~2/g. A small part of the particle size is 1-10 μm and 100-300 μm,most of the particle size is 10-100 μm. Most of the pores of the char are mesopores with a pore size of 2-10 nm,and there are a small number of micropores and macropores. The average pore size is 7.049 6 nm,and the total pore volume is0.050 907 cm~3/g. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the char contains quartz crystal SiO_2,the disorder of carbon is high,and the degree of graphitization is low. The infrared spectrum analysis shows that the macromolecular structure of the char contains functional groups such as —OH,C=C and C—O bonds. Raman spectrum analysis showed that the semi-coke contained graphite structure,the intensity ratio(ID1/IG) of D1 peak to G peak was 7.93, and the carbonaceous structure of char has a high content of defective carbon and amorphous carbon structure.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2169K]

  • Compatibility study on combustion and heat transfer in a 600 MW fired coal boiler with co-firing of coal and ammonia

    KONG Xiangwei;CUI Liqun;LI Xiongwei;CUI Liming;NIU Tao;ZHANG Wenzhen;ZHOU Mo;CHEN Liang;School of Energy,Power and Mechanical Engineering,North China Electric Power University;China Energy Investment Corporation Co.,Ltd.;China Shenhua Energy Co.,Ltd.;Yantai Longyuan Power Station Technology Co.,Ltd.;

    The effect of high proportion ammonia co-firing on combustion and furnace heat transfer of coal-fired boilers is still unknown.This paper investigates a 600 MW tangentially-fired coal boiler using numerical simulations to explore the effects of different ammonia cofiring ratios on combustion and heat transfer characteristics. It analyzes the compatibility and matching characteristics of the boile's combustion and heat transfer with ammonia co-firing. The results indicate that within the ammonia co-firing ratio range of 0-50%,the impact of ammonia co-firing on the furnace velocity field is minimal,and the tangentially-fired combustion pattern remains effective.Although the longitudinal gas flow velocity in the furnace increases slightly,it does not affect combustion stability. Compared with pure coal combustion,the average flue gas velocity under 50% ammonia co-firing demonstrates a 9.4% increase,with furnace outlet flue gas velocity rising by approximately 1.5 m/s. This enhancement is attributed to the 10% growth in total flue gas volume generated during 50%ammonia-coal combustion relative to pure coal combustion. After ammonia co-firing, the in-furnace flame temperature significantly decreases. This thermal behavior primarily stems from the inherent lower theoretical flame temperature of NH3 compared to coal. Under constant total heat input conditions,the temperature decrease results from the combined effect of increased flue gas flow rate and specific heat capacity during ammonia co-firing. Furthermore,as the ammonia co-firing ratio increases,the flue gas temperature at the arch throat cross-section decreases slightly. The high-temperature region at the arch throat is primarily concentrated in the central area of the furnace.This indicates that ammonia co-firing in the range of 0-50% does not lead to excessive wall temperatures or slagging,thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the boiler. However,the furnace's radiative heat transfer capacity is reduced. The molar fraction concentration of NH3 at the furnace outlet is nearly zero,indicating complete combustion of ammonia with no leakage. After ammonia co-firing,the heat flux distribution on the furnace wall becomes more uniform compared to pure coal combustion,while the overall heat transfer in the furnace is slightly reduced. In summary,the 600 MW tangentially-fired coal boiler demonstrates good compatibility in combustion and heat transfer for ammonia co-firing ratios between 0-50%. The study's conclusions can provide theoretical and technical guidance for the application of ammonia co-firing technology in coal-fired boilers.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2038K]

  • Influences of ammonia cofiring on the radiation heat transfer of coal-fired boiler

    YANG Tieqiang;CAO Jianjun;ZHANG Wenzhen;XIE Yan;LIU Xin;LI Ming;NIU Tao;WANG Heyang;CHN Energy Yueneng Taishan Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University;Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co.,Ltd.;

    Ammonia-coal cofiring is one of the most promising technology routes to reduce CO_2 emissions from coal-fired power plants.Since ammonia differs significantly from pulverized coal in terms of its heating value,combustion characteristics,flue gas composition and radiation characteristics, ammonia-coal cofiring may strongly affect the heat transfer distribution and steam parameters of coal-fired boilers which may become one of the key problems restricting the application of ammonia cofiring in coal-fired power plants. To investigate the effects of ammonia cofiring on the radiation heat transfer of boilers,a three-dimensional(3D) CFD numerical model suitable for ammonia-coal cofiring is constructed and employed to investigate the flow,temperature and heat transfer distributions of boiler under ammonia cofiring conditions. Because the concentrations of CO_2 and H_2O in flue gas will vary over a wide range with the change of ammonia cofiring ratio that far exceeds the application range of the Smith weighted-sum-of-gray-gases(WSGG) model commonly used in the calculation of gas absorption coefficient in coal combustion CFD models. Thus,the Johansson WSGG model that is applicable to a broader range of flue gas compositions is incorporated into the CFD model such that the model is suitable for the simulation of radiation heat transfer in ammonia-coal cofiring boilers. Based on that,the flow,temperature and radiation heat transfer characteristics of ammonia cofiring in a 600 MW boiler are numerically studied and compared with those of coal combustion case. The results indicate that using the Smith WSGG model to calculate the gas absorption coefficient is going to significantly overestimate the heat transfer of furnace waterwall under high ammonia cofiring ratios. In addition,it is found that because the air and flue gas mass flow rates of ammonia-coal cofiring and coal combustion cases are very close under the same total thermal input, their flow and temperature distributions in the furnace are also very close. Therefore,under lower ammonia cofiring ratios(less than 20%),ammonia cofiring will not significantly affect the heat transfer of furnace waterwall.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2326K]

  • Numerical investigation on NOx formation characteristics of ammonia cofiring in a 40 MW coal-fired boiler

    LIU Jianing;ZHANG Wenzhen;LIU Xin;XIE Yan;LI Chi;LI Ming;NIU Tao;WANG Heyang;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University;Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co.,Ltd.;

    Ammonia-coal cofiring is one of the most promising technical routes to realize decarbonation of coal-fired power plants.However,due to the high nitrogen content of NH_3,ammonia-coal cofiring may lead to significant increase of boiler NO_x emission. This may become one of the key problems restricting the implementation of ammonia cofiring in coal-fired boilers. Therefore,it is imperative to study the NO_x formation characteristics of ammonia cofiring in coal-fired boilers,so as to guide the development of effective NO_x control methods. The present study numerically investigates the effects of ammonia cofiring ratio(■) on the NO_x characteristics of boiler in a 40 MW industrial scale boiler. The simulation results of boiler NO_x emission show that,under 20% overfire air flow rate,boiler NO_x emission increases first and then decreases with the increase of ■,reaching maximum value of 197 mg/m~3 when ■=5%,and dropping to 95 mg/m~3 when ■=25%,which is lower than 137 mg/m~3 of pure coal combustion. The simulation results are in good agreement with the ammonia cofiring testing results of 40 MW boiler both qualitatively and quantitatively. Such trend of boiler NO_x emissions with the increase of ■ is attributed to the competing reaction pathways between NO formation and reduction reactions in the process of NH_3 combustion. The formation of NO in the boiler is mainly composed of the initial NO formation in the high O2environment in the early stage of combustion and the NO reduction in the low O_2 environment in the later stage of combustion. Boiler NO_x emission is jointly determined by the formation and reduction of NO in these two stages. The formation and reduction rates of NO in the furnace both increase with the increase of ■. However,in the range of ■ = 0-5%,the formation rate of NO increases faster than that of NO reduction, while in the range of ■ = 5%-25%, the reduction rate of NO reduction increases faster than that of NO formation. As a result,the net formation of NO exhibits an increase-then-decrease trend as ■ is increased from 0 to 25%. This is the reason why it was observed in the ammonia-coal cofiring testing of 40 MW boiler that the NO_x emission increased first and then then decreased with increase of ■. The simulation results reveal the key influence of the competition mechanism between the NO formation and reduction reaction pathways of NH3 combustion on the NO_x emission of ammonia-coal cofiring,which is of great significance to realize effective NO_x control of ammonia cofiring in large scale coal-fired boilers.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2123K]

  • Progress of carbon dioxide chemical utilization industry adapting to decarbonization of coal-fired power

    ZHANG Tongyun;DU Wentao;CHEN Zhuo;ZHUANG Yuanfa;Dongfang Boiler Co.,Ltd.;Energy Cleaning and Low-Carbon Thermal Conversion Utilization Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province;

    Driven by the dual forces of global climate problem and energy structure transformation,the low-carbon transition of the coalfired power industry is imperative. However,as the “stabilizer” and “ballast stone” of China's energy security,coal-fired power still plays a crucial role in the construction of the new power system and energy transition. Against this backdrop, the low-carbon transformation strategy of coal-fired power coupled with carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage(CCUS) technology provides a key direction to solve this contradiction. Among them,the carbon capture and utilization(CCU) technology,especially the chemical utilization industry of carbon dioxide(CO_2),transforms CO_2 into high value-added down-stream products through a new model of“use instead of sealing”. It is expected to achieve a win-win situation of both carbon emission reduction and carbon circular economy improvement,and promote the transformation of coal-fired power industry to ‘negative carbon'. Firstly,the core connotation and current situation of the coal-fired power decarbonization transformation are discussed, analyzing its strategic significance and construction direction,and proposing the application prospects of the CO_2 chemical utilization industry technology in carbon emission reduction. On this basis,the latest progress of chemical utilization technology of CO_2 in the context of coal-fired power decarbonization transformation is analyzed, covering its technical status, industrial development dynamics, and the challenges and opportunities it faces, and from the technical perspective, the development and applying prospect of carbon-based materials such as hydrocarbon compounds, methanol,syngas,formic acid,dimethyl ether,mineralized products,graphene,carbon nanotubes,degradable plastics,etc.,are analyzed. However,the CO_2 chemical utilization technology still faces challenges in the industrialization process,such as low technical maturity,difficulty in balancing cost-effectiveness,and an imperfect market mechanism. In the future,efforts should focus on the research and development of efficient catalysts, optimization of conversion processes, and the continuous promotion of industrial application demonstrations in combination with favorable policies. Strategically,taking the coal-fired power decarbonization transformation as an opportunity,both the construction of a development model of coupling industrial system of “ liquid sunshine-methanol economy” and an integrated“regional carbon hub” with “coal-fired power-chemical industry-green hydrogen” as a typical representative,and the deepening of CO_2 chemical utilization technology are of great significance for promoting the development of carbon resource circular economy and achieving the ‘dual carbon' goals. The core development path lies in promoting key technological innovation and industrial synergy for green development. Through the comprehensive optimization of technological innovation,policy guidance and market mechanisms,the CO_2 chemical utilization industry is expected to play a core role in the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power,and help China gain technological advantages in the global competition for carbon neutrality market.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2008K]

  • Impact of carbon reduction volume recognition on the economic feasibility of coal power with CCUS technology: A simulation analysis

    CAI Bin;CHEN Yichi;XIE Shize;YANG Mingyu;LI Chengwei;XUE Yusheng;School of Electric Power Engineering,Nanjing Institute of Technology;NARI Group Corporation/State Grid Electric Power Research Institute;

    Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS) technology is one of the indispensable supporting technologies for the lowcarbon transformation of the power system, but China has not yet formulated relevant policy mechanisms to recognize the carbon reduction of CCUS. In this way,coal-fired CCUS power plants can currently only derive a portion of their economic advantages from the constrained physical CO_2 market,which means they are unable to capitalize on carbon reduction benefits within China Emission Trading System. This scenario hampers the investment enthusiasm in coal power CCUS technology,thus impeding the achievement of China's dual-carbon objectives. The study presents a unit-level technical-economic-emission simulation model for power structure transition within medium-to-long-term frameworks, operating on an annual time step to simulate and analyze trajectories pertaining to power generation,carbon emissions,carbon capture,utilization,storage volumes,as well as associated costs and revenue metrics for coal-fired CCUS power plants. A quantitative analysis was conducted to quantify the impacts of the recognition coefficients of carbon storage volume and carbon utilization volume on the economic viability of coal-fired CCUS power plants. It further assesses the measurement methodology of recognition coefficients for carbon storage volume and/or carbon utilization volume based on specific CCUS policy objectives(e.g.,maintaining CCUS cash flow equilibrium). The research results show that recognizing the carbon reduction volume of CCUS can improve its economic benefits. The carbon reduction recognition method proposed in this paper can dynamically update the recognition standards of carbon storage volume and/or carbon utilization volume based on policy objectives,carbon emission costs,and CCUS costs,thereby supporting the formulation of relevant policy and promoting the high-quality development of coal-fired CCUS power systems.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1975K]

  • Energy flow characteristics and heat dissipation pathways of a 300 000 m3/h flue gas carbon capture system for power plant

    WANG Zhiyong;WANG Chaowei;ZHANG Liang;YANG Jinning;YANG Dongtai;LIU Yi;YANG Yang;XU Dong;WEI Xiaolin;New Energy Technology Research Institute,China Energy;State Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Gas Dynamics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Science;College of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang University;

    This article introduces the material and energy coupling principle between the 300 000 Nm3/h power plant flue gas carbon capture system and the power plant thermal system. The entire process of material and energy flow in carbon capture systems under typical operating condition is analyzed. The proportion of boiling heat dissipation in the sensible heat of the material flow(45.10%) and the heat of the regeneration process(54.90%), as well as the proportion of chemical reaction heat(70.14%) and latent heat of vaporization(29.86%) in the heat of the regeneration process, are clarified. Among the five cooling dissipation pathways, the regeneration gas cooler 5 has the highest heat grade(grade 80 ℃),accounting for 9.13% of the dissipation. The second heat grade(grade 60 ℃),with the largest proportion of 26.77%,is the lean liquid entering the absorption tower cooler 4. The two can be converted into each other and are the key to waste heat utilization. The influence of only adjusting carbon capture and different factors(rich liquid diversion,lean-rich liquid heat exchange end difference,lean liquid load,absorbent concentration and proportion(MEA:MDEA),etc.) on cooling dissipation and latent to sensible dissipation ratio(cooler 5 to cooler 4) is studied. Only adjusting the carbon capture rate will not affect the latent to sensible dissipation ratio(0.34),while the rich liquid diversion can significantly change the latent to sensible dissipation ratio,with a rapid decrease from 0.63 at a rich liquid diversion ratio of 0.05 to 0.11 at 0.2. Reducing the lean-rich liquid heat exchange end difference can quickly increase the latent to sensible dissipation ratio from 0.22 at 12 ℃ end difference to 0.44 at 6 ℃.When the lean liquid load increases from 0.19 to 0.28, the latent to sensible heat dissipation ratio decreases from 0.48 to 0.12. After enhancing the absorbent proportion(0.5-2.0),the demand for water evaporation during the regeneration process increase,so the latent to sensible heat dissipation ratio significantly increased(rapidly rising from 0.11 to 0.65).

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2060K]

  • Experimental research and testing of large-scale carbon capture devices for coal-fired power plants

    ZHAO Rui;HUANG Yan;ZHENG Xufan;DONG Wenfeng;YU Xuehai;GAO Li;New Energy Technology Research Institute,CHN ENERGY;Jinjie Energy Co.,Ltd.,CHN ENERGY;College of Electormechanical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology;

    Carbon capture technology is an important technical means to solve CO_2 emissions in China's power industry. In order to guide the selection of absorbents,processes,and equipment for large-scale carbon capture devices in coal-fired power plants,and to understand the actual operation rules of chemical absorption carbon capture devices in coal-fired power plants,Relying on the 150,000-ton-per-year carbon capture device that has been built by Guoneng Jinjie,which adopts new energy-saving processes,novel absorbents,and optimized equipment,and has achieved long-term operation. Comprehensively considering key performance indicators such as amine concentration in the absorbent, the CO_2 load of the absorbent,pollutant emissions,capture rate,and regeneration heat consumption,a targeted test method is studied to evaluate the performance of mixed amine absorbents in industrial-scale carbon capture devices. The effectiveness of the main innovative energy-saving processes in the carbon capture device was analyzed. Based on operational data, the study comparatively evaluated three energy-saving processes: inter-stage cooling, rich solvent split, and lean solvent flash compression(MVR). Further investigation was conducted into the relationship between pollutant emissions at the top of the absorber and the wash water temperature of the absorber. The results show that the gas-liquid ratio of the absorbent significantly affects the gas-liquid mass transfer process in the absorber,thereby substantially influencing regeneration heat consumption and process parameters. When the gasto-liquid ratio is between 4 and 4.1,the carbon capture system achieves optimal regeneration heat consumption; the interstage cooling process can improve the absorption performance of the absorption tower,achieving optimal results at a cooling temperature of 40 ℃,where the regeneration heat consumption decreases by about 9.7%; The outlet temperature of the absorber should be controlled within 40-50 ℃ to maintain controllable pollutant emission levels; The rich liquid splitting effectively recovers system heat,reducing regeneration heat consumption by about 12% when the rich liquid splitting ratio is approximately 5%; the energy-saving effect of the MVR process is closely related to the pressure difference, and the overall regeneration energy consumption of this carbon capture facility can reach2.35 GJ/tCO_2.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2007K]

  • Decarbonization performance of MgO-based CO2 adsorbent particles modified by spray agglomeration with molten saltst

    YU Xinkuan;ZHAO Chuanwen;GAO Yueyue;QIN Xue;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University;

    MgO-based adsorbents hold broad application prospects in the fields of CO_2 capture and carbon emission reduction. However,traditional shaping methods,such as impregnation,extrusion-rolling,sol-gel,and ball milling,encountered numerous challenges during the industrial scaling-up process. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technology that facilitates large-scale production. Spray agglomeration is a promising technology,but its applicability in the synthesis of MgO-based adsorbents still requires further validation.The study used commercial magnesium oxide,which was modified by doping with alkali metal nitrate molten salts,to synthesize MgObased adsorbents with a molar ratio of MgO to alkali metal nitrate molten salts of 1∶0.15 using impregnation and spray agglomeration methods. The CO_2 adsorption performance,surface morphology,and actual molar ratio of the adsorbents were characterized using a micro fluidized bed reactor combined with specific surface area and pore volume, CO_2 temperature-programmed desorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that under the same component doping conditions,the CO_2 capture capacity of the adsorbents prepared by the spray agglomeration method was superior to that of the impregnation method,especially for the MgO-NaK0.15-SA adsorbent,which had a CO_2 capture capacity of 4.11 mmol/g in a mixed gas containing 10% CO_2. Further research on the CO_2 capture capacity of MgO-NaK0.15-SA adsorbent under different conditions showed that the best decarbonization performance of the MgO-NaK0.15-SA adsorbent was achieved at a reaction temperature of 300 ℃, a CO_2 concentration of 25%,and a mixed gas flow rate of 500 mL/min,with a CO_2 capture capacity of 7.84 mmol/g. The study also investigated the cyclic stability of the MgO-NaK0.15-SA adsorbent and explained the cyclic decay of the adsorbent by combining specific surface area,pore volume,and actual molar ratio. This study provides new insights and directions for the development and application of efficient MgO-based adsorbents.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3081K]

  • Cu-La-Al spinel catalyst for the hydrogen production from methanol steam reforming

    WU Wenjie;FENG Yang;WANG Jungang;CHEN Congbiao;MA Zhongyi;XI Hongjuan;HOU Bo;YANG Xiaofeng;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,North University of China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Science;

    In the methanol steam reforming(MSR) reaction, the Cu-Al spinel catalyst has the characteristics of low cost and high selectivity,making it an ideal catalyst for this reaction. However,there is a need to further enhance its catalytic performance. The Cu-Al spinel catalysts were synthesized via co-precipitation, sol-gel, and impregnation methods for their application in MSR reactions. The results showed that the Cu-Al spinel synthesized by co-precipitation showed excellent performance in the MSR reaction,which was due to its maximum specific surface area,which was conducive to the exposure of the active site. Based on this,the Cu-Al spinel prepared by coprecipitation method was modified with different contents of rare earth element La. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of the rare earth element La not only enhances the specific surface area of the catalyst but also alters the microstructure of Cu-Al spinel. The incorporation of La into the spinel structure modifies the cation distribution in Cu-Al spinel and results in a decrease in grain size.Therefore,the addition of an appropriate amount of rare earth element La can enhance the MSR reaction performance of Cu-Al spinel.However,excessive La will lead to the formation of LaAlO_3 on the catalyst surface,which will reduce the catalyst activity.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2147K]

  • Performance of solar energy coupled micro-turbine combined cycle system

    ZHANG Xiaotao;WANG Qixian;LI Kexin;WANG Aijun;School of Energy and Power,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power;

    Solar energy coupled gas turbine power generation can improve the performance of gas turbine combined cycle system. Based on the design data of C200 micro gas turbine,the rationality of the model is verified by using natural gas as fuel. Based on the combined cycle system, a solar collector is added, natural gas and biogas are selected as fuel, and the influence of collector location and environmental conditions on the operation performance of the combined cycle system of solar energy coupled gas turbine is studied. The results show that under the same output power of the unit,the fuel flow of the biogas system without collector is nearly doubled compared with that of the natural gas system,but the gas flow difference is small,the combined cycle system has similar performance,the gas turbine electro-mechanical efficiency is about 30%,and the waste heat efficiency reaches 33%. The addition of solar collectors can reduce the fuel flow and improve the operation performance of the unit. When the collector is located in front of the regenerator,the electrical efficiency of the system increases slightly,and the waste heat efficiency increases to more than 50%. When the collector is behind the regenerator,the fuel flow decreases significantly,and the electrical efficiency can reach more than 39%,and the waste heat efficiency can reach 42%. Under the same output power condition,with the increase of solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature,the maximum fuel flow rate reductions of natural gas and biogas system are 39.48% and 37.88%,the electrical efficiencies increased by 19.41% and 17.91%,and the waste heat efficiencies increased by 40.13% and 40.16%. The residual heat of the system increases more when the collector is located in front of the regenerator. When the collector is behind the regenerator,the electro-mechanical efficiency of the gas turbine rises more,and the residual heat also increases.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1996K]

  • Preparation and CO2 absorption characteristics of less water absorbent based on 1, 3-propylenediamine

    QIAN Xinfeng;LI Dacai;WANG Xin;WU Kefeng;KUANG Lei;MU Xiaowei;HOU Dawei;ZHANG Daguang;GU Lina;East China Electric Power Test & Research Institute,China Datang Corporation Science and Technology General Research Institute Co., Ltd.;Guangdong Datang International Leizhou Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry Education,School of Energy and Environment,Southeast University;

    As a widely used carbon capture technology at present,chemical absorption method still has the problem of high renewable energy consumption. In previous studies,we can see a lot of conclusions about new chemical absorbents such as two-phase absorbents and anhydrous absorbents,but there are few reports on the research of oligohydrous absorbents. In order to solve the disadvantages of slow absorption rate, low absorption load and high specific ratio of conventional absorbents, a low-water absorbent with 1,3-propylenediamine as the reaction agent was constructed. Two phase absorbents were formed by adding different tertiary amine phase separators,non-aqueous solvents and alcoholamine respectively. After being kept at 40 ℃ in a constant temperature water bath,carbon dioxide was sucked into the solution for absorption. After absorption,the performance of the absorbent solution was tested. The twophase absorbent composed of 1,3-propylenediamine/Tetramethylenediamine and 1,3-propylenediamine/Diglyme ether with excellent performance was selected by comparing absorption load,fraction ratio and viscosity,etc. After absorbing carbon dioxide,liquid-liquid phase separation can occur,and the absorption load of 1,3-propylenediamine/tetramethylenediamine can reach up to 3.85 mol/kg. The proportion of rich phase is 54%. The maximum absorption load of 1,3-propylenediamine/Tetramethylenediamine was 3.11 mol/kg,and the proportion of rich phase was 75%. Then,the water in 1,3-propylenediamine/Tetramethylenediamine was replaced by a non-aqueous solvent for testing. The absorption load of 1,3-propylenediamine/Tetramethylenediamine/Diglyme was 3.69 mol/kg. It is 2.37 times the absorption load of 30%MEA chemical absorbent. And the fraction of the two-phase absorbent was significantly reduced to 39% and the viscosity was reduced to 83.4 MPa·s compared with that of the two-phase absorbent without adding non-aqueous solvent. Only 55% of what it was before joining. The phase separation time is reduced from 7 min to 1.5 min. The significant reduction of fraction ratio and viscosity is conducive to the reduction of renewable energy consumption. After 5 absorption-desorption cycles,the absorption load of 1,3-propylenediamine/tetramethylenediamine/diethylene glycol dimethyl ether gradually decreased after the second absorption, but the decrease was small and tended to be stable, and the cyclic load was 2.64 mol/kg, which had good repetitive stability. The reaction mechanism after absorption of carbon dioxide can be predicted by nuclear magnetic detection. After absorption of carbon dioxide by 1,3-propylenediamine/Tetramethylenediamine/Diglyme, 1, 3-propylenediamine reacts with carbon dioxide to form an intermediate carbamate,which recombines with 1,3-propylenediamine to form carbamate. In the whole reaction,1,3-propylenediamine is the main absorbent,and tetramethylenediamine and non-aqueous solvents do not participate in the absorption reaction.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1923K]

  • Technological roadmap for the development of carbon utilization industries:A case study of Ningxia

    LIU Shuo;ZHANG Zhilu;GAO Zhihao;XIA Changyou;YE Zhiyuan;LIANG Xi;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.;The Carbon Emission Reduction Department of the Development and Reform Commission of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region;Guangdong CCUS Centre;

    The utilization of carbon is the key technology to promote the development of circular economy and carbon emission reduction,and it is also one of the important ways to achieve carbon neutrality. Ningxia is the first province in China to carry out research on regional carbon utilization industry planning. This study delves into the research advancements in diverse carbon utilization technologies,formulating evaluation indicators and a comprehensive carbon utilization technology assessment system. By integrating the current state of carbon utilization in Ningxia with future industrial plans, the study identifies pivotal technologies crucial for the deployment of carbon utilization industries in the region. The results indicate that technologies such as carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery, carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol, carbon dioxide synthesis of dimethyl carbonate, carbon dioxide carbonization curing of concrete, steel slag mineralization, and cultured microalgae demonstrated outstanding performance in the comprehensive evaluation,suggesting priority development in Ningxia. Technologies such as carbon dioxide synthesis of isocyanates,calcium carbide slag and phosphorous paste mineralization,and carbon dioxide utilization as gas fertilizer showed promising results,recommending further exploration and reserve through pilot demonstrations for frontier technologies in the next steps.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1851K]

  • Valuation and future perspectives of carbon capture, utilization, and storage in global context of carbon border tax

    ZHANG Yueze;LIU Muxin;HUANG Feifei;LIANG Xi;XIA Changyou;WANG Li;School of Economics,Guangzhou City University of Technology;Beijing Institute of Geological Survey;School of Business Administration,South China University of Technology;Guangdong CCUS Centre;

    In recent years, numerous developed countries have explicitly contemplated the establishment of carbon tariff mechanisms analogous to the European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM). The formulation of such mechanisms is evolving into a globalized trend, which is projected to exert profound impacts on the international trade dynamics of China's high-carbon-emission industries in the near future. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage(CCUS) technology is anticipated to witness substantial expansion in application scope under the carbon tariff regime. To assess the application value and potential of CCUS technology within the context of carbon tariff globalization, and to investigate its role in enabling China's high-carbon-emission industries to navigate carbon tariff mechanisms, this study focuses on five industries prioritized for carbon tariff inclusion: cement, power generation, fertilizer, steel, and aluminum. Employing methodologies such as the ARIMA model and CCUS cost learning curves, and integrating industry-specific export datasets with technical suitability analyses, this research forecasts future export trajectories, CCUS deployment scales, and cost-decline trends for each industry. Through comparative analysis of divergent carbon tariff pricing scenarios(a low-pricing scenario of 65.3CNY/ton CO_2 and a high-pricing scenario of 404.4 CNY/ton CO_2), the study quantifies the carbon tariff costs avoidable through CCUS adoption across industries. This paper establishes a dynamic linkage among industry export cyclical fluctuations, technological learning effects, and carbon tariff policies by constructing a dual-factor learning curve model, which comprehensively accounts for the influences of technological accumulation and research and development(R&D) investments on cost structures. Empirical results demonstrate that the cement, steel, and fertilizer industries possess substantial potential to mitigate carbon tariff impacts via CCUS implementation. Notably,the fertilizer industry, leveraging the low-cost capture advantages of high-concentration carbon emission sources, is projected to achieve32%～64% savings in export costs under the high-pricing scenario during 2030–2032, emerging as the optimal short-term application domain. While the scale of CCUS deployment in the cement industry exceeds the embedded carbon emissions in export products, resource allocation optimization remains critical to preclude overcapacity risks. In the steel industry, constrained by the prevalent long-process steelmaking technology, CCUS coverage is limited to 8.8%, necessitating synergistic emission reduction strategies integrated with hydrogen-based steelmaking and other low-carbon technologies.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1926K]

  • Multi-energy complementary optimal scheduling model based on IGFC carbon capture and power-to-gas

    HU Chuanbao;WEN Zhong;WANG Can;LIU Huijia;ZHANG Yewei;College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy,Three Gorges University;Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Smart Energy Technology,Three Gorges University;

    Under the dual challenges of continuous growth of global energy demand and intensification of climate change,the excessive consumption of traditional fossil fuels has caused serious environmental problems, especially the continuous rise of carbon dioxide emissions. In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,countries are accelerating the transformation of the energy system,and the research and development of clean energy technology has become a key direction. As an advanced coal clean technology,the integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC) power generation system is an effective way to accelerate the realization of the “dual carbon” goal,and it is of great forward-looking significance to build a low-carbon and economical flexible operation mechanism of source-grid-load-storage based on the integrated coal gasification fuel cell. In order to promote the large-scale consumption of renewable energy and reduce the carbon emissions of the power system,a new power system that adapts to the access of a high proportion of renewable energy and multienergy complementarity is proposed to achieve the dual goals of economic and low-carbon operation. Firstly,the overall coal gasification fuel cell-electrolyzer(EL) hydrogen-power cogeneration operation framework was constructed,and a variety of energy sources were reasonably allocated for mutual conversion. Secondly,the electric carbon characteristics and carbon use efficiency in the operation of the system were analyzed,and a carbon dioxide treatment model was proposed to improve the level of wind and solar consumption and increase the amount of carbon capture storage(CCS). Finally, a multi-energy complementary source-grid-load-storage combined operation strategy is proposed,and an optimal scheduling model is constructed with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive cost,and compared with the traditional IGFC carbon capture power plants,the carbon capture capacity is increased by 49%,the curtailment of wind and solar power is reduced by 98.2%,and the comprehensive cost is reduced by 32.4%. The results show that the proposed model can not only effectively improve the carbon capture rate,but also release the flexibility of the unit,alleviate the contradiction between the energy supply and decarbonization goals of the unit,and still take into account the low carbon emission while meeting the needs of high proportion of renewable energy consumption and multi-energy complementarity.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1986K]

  • Carbon dioxide mineralization maintenance of all-solid waste lightweight aggregates

    ZOU Xiangbo;CHEN Gongda;RAO Mumin;WANG Tao;ZHAO Wei;LIAN Youjiang;Guangdong Energy Group Co.,Ltd.;Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Limited;College of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang University;

    Aiming at the problem of high density and low strength of traditional aggregates,in order to realize the resource utilization of industrial solid waste and CO_2 after capture,using blast furnace slag and fly ash as raw materials,the effects of solid waste proportion,remaining water-solid ratio,and maintenance pressure on the barrel compression strength,carbon sequestration rate,and the stacking density of lightweight aggregates were investigated to obtain the preliminary formulations and maintenance regimes, and the results showed that,the stacking density rapidly decreased from 1 016 kg/m~3 to 883 kg/m~3 by 13% when increasing fly ash content from 0 to 60%,and both barrel compression strength and carbon sequestration rate showed a first increase and then a decrease of 13%. Density rapidly decreased from 1 016 kg/m3 to 883 kg/m3,a decrease of 13%,and continued to increase the fly ash content,the change in bulk density was not significant,while the barrel compression strength and carbon sequestration rate showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing; by adjusting the residual water-solids ratio and the maintenance pressure,it was found that there existed an optimum residual water-solids ratio(0.15) and the maintenance pressure(0.1 MPa) so that the aggregates could obtain the best barrel compression strength; the carbon sequestration rate increased with the residual water-solids ratio and maintenance pressure. strength; the carbon sequestration rate decreased with the increase of residual water-solid ratio and increased with the rise of curing pressure. On this basis,the effects of three different alkali exciters,sodium hydroxide,calcium hydroxide and water glass,on the lightweight aggregate samples under mineralized curing conditions were investigated. The results showed that 5% calcium hydroxide optimally enhanced the barrel compression strength performance(7.6 MPa) and significantly improved the carbon sequestration rate of the material(5.09%). Through XRD and SEM analysis,it was concluded that the main mineralization products were calcium carbonate and existed in the form of calcite,and the higher maintenance pressure was easy to lead to the appearance of fine cracks at the interface of the products; through the MIP analysis,it could be seen that the mineralization products had a filling effect on the pore space of less than 100 nm,and due to the exothermic reaction of the product in the early stage of the mineralization reaction caused by the volume expansion of the product made the increase of pore space of more than 1 000 nm,and the change of porosity shows the great improvement of the microporous structure by mineralization,which explains the mechanism of strength enhancement by mineralization.

    2025 05 v.31;No.177 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2473K]
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