Current Issue

  • Simulation of low-carbon cement production system based on limestone hydrogenation for CaO production

    DENG Yumeng;WU Jiawen;CAO Hongjie;LI Yingjie;School of Nuclear Science,Energy and Power Engineering,Shandong University;Shandong Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Energy Storage and Hydrogen Energy Utilization,Shandong University;

    Cement production is a significant contributor to global CO_2 emissions,and widely researched carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS) technologies face challenges related to high energy consumption. In traditional cement production,substantial CO_2emissions result from limestone decomposition. The introduction of green hydrogen into the calciner not only facilitates the reduction of limestone to CaO but also significantly lowers the calciner temperature and converts CO_2 into high-value chemical feedstocks such as CO,enabling low-carbon and low-energy cement production. To evaluate the effects of replacing limestone decomposition with limestone hydrogenation in the calciner on the energy consumption,CO_2 emissions,exergy efficiency and cost of the cement production system,an Aspen Plus simulation of a low-carbon cement production system based on limestone hydrogenation for CaO production was conducted and compared with a traditional system employing monoethanolamine(MEA) for CO_2 capture. The results demonstrate that the limestone hydrogenation-based system significantly reduces the CO_2 load on the subsequent MEA capture unit by converting raw material CO_2 into CO. Consequently,this system achieves reductions in energy consumption,CO_2 emissions,and CO_2 generation(including captured CO_2) by 19.42%, 52.91%, and 37.55%, respectively, compared to the traditional system employing MEA for CO_2 capture.Exergy analysis indicates that the primary exergy losses occur in the preheating and decomposition unit and the rotary kiln due to thermodynamically irreversible chemical reactions,with heat exergy losses arising from the large temperature differences between the hot and cold streams. Furthermore,the limestone hydrogenation-based system not only produces clinker but also generates syngas,thereby increasing the effective exergy output of the system. This results in an increase in exergy efficiency from 31.11% in the traditional system to75.63%. Cost analysis indicates that green hydrogen raises the cost of the limestone hydrogenation-based system by 122.66% compared to the traditional system employing MEA for CO_2 capture. However,the high profitability of the syngas offsets this cost,resulting in a net profit of 430.15 yuan/t clinker. The cement production system based on limestone hydrogenation for CaO production demonstrates significant advantages in energy consumption, CO_2 emissions, exergy efficiency and cost, with promising prospects for industrial application.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2415K]

  • Characteristics of dual-fluid atomization of calcium-based solution and heat storage performance of CaO microspheres prepared via pyrolysis

    LUO Tong;LUO Cong;TAN Zengqiang;DU Zhen;LI Xiaoshan;WU Fan;ZHANG Liqi;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen;Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;

    Thermochemical energy storage(TCES) systems based on calcium looping(CaL) technology can be integrated with thirdgeneration concentrating solar power plants(CSP) to achieve efficient utilization of solar-thermal energy. However,conventional CaObased thermochemical energy storage materials face critical challenges such as low reaction activity and poor stability in cyclic heat storage/release performance, which severely restrict the improvement of system efficiency. To develop high-performance CaO-based thermochemical energy storage materials,a spray pyrolysis method based on dual-fluid atomization technology was proposed,employing an aqueous solution of calcium nitrate and citric acid as the precursor to prepare porous hollow CaO microspheres. First,the atomization characteristics of precursor solutions with different flow rates(10～ 20 mL/min) under varying atomizing gas flow rates(10～30 L/min) were investigated using a spray laser particle size analyzer. It was found that lower solution flow rates and higher atomizing gas flow rates result in smaller Sauter mean diameter(SMD) and narrower particle size distribution(span) of the spray. However,when the atomizing gas flow rate exceeds 20 L/min,both the SMD and particle size distribution of the spray tend to stabilize. Based on these results,a precursor solution flow rate of 10 mL/min was selected for spray pyrolysis. The effects of the air-liquid ratio(ALR,1 000～3 000) on the crystallite size,particle size distribution,micromorphology,cyclic heat storage/release performance,and pore structure parameters of the synthesized CaO microspheres were studied using X-ray diffractometer(XRD),powder laser particle size analyzer,scanning electron microscope(SEM),simultaneous thermal analyzer(STA),and nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests. The results show that the SMD of CaO microspheres decreases with increasing ALR,consistent with the variation law of precursor solution atomization characteristics. The cyclic heat storage/release performance exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing ALR,reaching the optimal performance at an ALR of 2 000. Under this condition,the prepared CaO microspheres have an SMD of 12.5 μm,a high specific surface area of 31.63 m~2/g,a carbonation conversion of 92.68% in initial cycle,and a cumulative energy storage density of46.13 kJ/g after 30 cycles,2.32 times higher than that of analytical pure CaO.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2212K]

  • Confinement-enhanced integrated CO2 capture and in-situ conversion from high-temperature flue gas to syngas over Ni-MgO/CaO hollow microsphere

    JIA Zhonghao;SHAO Bin;XIE Zhicheng;HU Jun;School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology;

    CO_2 capture and in-situ conversion(iCCC) technology can play a crucial role in mitigating global climate change. When the i CCC technology is applied to the CO_2 capture from the high-temperature flue gas,its thermo-energy can be directly converted CO_2 into the syngas during CO_2 conversion at the same fixed bed. The rational design of efficient dual functional materials(DFMs) is key to achieve high-efficiency iCCC processes. Here, we synthesized a series of x Ni-MgO/CaO DFMs with varying Ni/Mg ratios by a hard template method using NaOH-activated porous carbon spheres. The structure of the hollow microsphere not only reduces the diffusion resistance during CO_2 adsorption but also provides buffer space to accommodate the volume expansion of CaO/CaCO_3 during the iCCC process. In addition,the NiO-MgO solid solution formed within the confined space of the hollow microspheres acts as a physical barrier,isolating the catalytic Ni~0 particles and effectively preventing the sintering of Ni nanoparticle at high temperatures. By optimizing the Ni/Mg ratio,reaction temperature,and H_2 concentration,the iCCC performance of the x Ni-MgO/CaO DFMs were evaluated. Under the optimal reaction temperature of 650 ℃ and H2 concentration of 10%,the 10Ni-MgO/CaO DFM exhibited a CO_2 adsorption capacity of10 mmol/g,a CO_2 conversion efficiency above 94% with a 100% CO selectivity after 10 adsorption-conversion cycles. Kinetic studies further demonstrated that the confined space in the Ni-MgO/CaO DFM significantly enhances the reaction rates of iCCC to syngas.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2667K]

  • Research progress in high-temperature calcium-based sorbents for CO2 capture

    DU Zhen;ZHANG Liqi;ZHANG Yang;LIU Bo;ZHU Wentao;LUO Cong;YU Jiang;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology;Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;

    Driven by global climate change and the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals,carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS) technology has become pivotal for achieving greenhouse gas emissions reduction in industrial sectors. Hightemperature calcium-based solid adsorption CO_2 capture technology has garnered significant attention due to its low cost and high adsorption capacity. However, CaO sorbents are prone to sintering and abrasion during cyclic operations, leading to performance degradation and hindering their large-scale deployment. The modification methods,large-scale preparation processes,reactor design,and pilot-scale calcium looping systems of CaO adsorbent in recent years are reviewed. Regarding modification strategies,organic acids,alkali metal salts,biomass-derived materials,metal oxides,and solid waste residues have all been employed to enhance CaO performance. For instance, propionic acid-modified limestone demonstrates a CO_2 capture capacity four times higher than untreated samples after 100cycles. Particle preparation techniques for adsorbents include extrusion,spheronization,extrusion-spheronization,casting,and core-shell methods. These methods yield particles with varying mechanical strengths and CO_2 capture efficiencies. The extrusion-spheronization combined with spray drying, for example, produces microspheres with high CO_2 adsorption capacity(retaining efficiency after 25 cycles) and excellent abrasion resistance(weight loss <0.8% after 3 000 rotations). In reactor design,fluidized bed reactors are most widely used but suffer from particle attrition,while moving bed reactors reduce size but face pressure drop issues. Pilot-scale systems globally have validated calcium looping technology,such as the 200 k Wh platform in Stuttgart,Germany,and the 1.7 MWh facility in La Pereda,Spain,achieving around 90% CO_2 capture efficiency. Future challenges include developing cost-effective large-scale production processes to address high raw material costs and low yields,optimizing reactor heat/mass transfer,and integrating waste heat cascade utilization systems to reduce energy consumption. Overcoming these hurdles will facilitate the transition of Ca O-based CO_2 capture from engineering demonstration to industrial application.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2067K]

  • Recent progress on integrated carbon dioxide capture and utilization technology

    SUN Shuzhuang;GUO Yafei;ZHAO Chuanwen;SHAO Bin;HU Jun;SUN Nannan;LI Jianan;QIN Changlei;JIN Bo;LIANG Zhiwu;ZHANG Xiaoyu;LIU Wenqiang;ZHANG Yiran;QU Yakun;SUN Hongman;WANG Yaozu;YU Bocheng;ZHOU Hui;ZHAO Xiaotong;ZHU Yuan;WU Chunfei;School of Chemical Engineering,Zhengzhou University;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University;School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology;Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials,East China Univ

    Carbon capture and utilization(CCU) technologies play key roles in controlling carbon emission and net zero, but the deployment of which are restricted by the complex intermediate steps and high energy and capital investment. Integrated carbon dioxide capture and utilization(ICCU) can synergistically achieve CO_2 upgrading and adsorbent regeneration through in-situ catalytic conversion,avoiding the energy-consuming intermediate steps such as temperature-pressure swing and CO_2 compression,storage and transportation in conventional CCU technologies,exhibiting a highly competitive industrial application prospect. This review summarizes the updated research progress in the field of ICCU. Classified by the reaction integrated with CO_2 capture, the design principle of“capture-catalysis” dual-functional materials(DFMs) are concluded,the structure-activity relationship between DFMs and carbon capture and catalytic conversion performance is discussed,and the reaction mechanism of in-situ catalytic conversion is comprehensively reviewed. Combined with non-thermal catalytic conversion technology, this paper reviews the frontier research progress and looks forward to its development prospects and directions in the field of ICCU. Based on the ICCU design coupled with other high-carbon emission processes, we expand the relevant application scenarios and provides ideas for related process innovation. This review summarizes the current status, prospects, and opportunities of ICCU systems and DFMs systems, and provides a comprehensive evaluation from materials to processes,providing an important reference for future research and industrialization of ICCU.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2998K]

  • Effects of industrial catalyst structure and operating conditions on CO2 hydrogenation to methanol: A simulation study

    LIN Zhenli;XIE Qinqin;XIE Nannan;WENG Junqi;YANG Daoming;SHU Zhongming;YE Guanghua;ZHOU Xinggui;State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology;

    CO_2 hydrogenation to methanol is an effective carbon reduction technology, the key of which is developing high-performance industrial catalysts. Based on particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics, a dual-scale model for CO_2 hydrogenation to methanol is established, spanning from industrial catalyst particle to fixed-bed reactor. Utilizing this model, the impact of industrial catalyst particle structure and operating conditions on the performance of methanol synthesis is investigated. First, the accuracy of the particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics model was verified by comparing the experimentally measured pressure drop across the catalyst bed. The simulated pressure drop differed from the experimental value by less than 10%. Next, the effects of catalyst particle pore size, porosity, and particle diameter on methanol synthesis were investigated. It was found that when the catalyst particle pore size was 50 nm and the porosity was 0.4, a high CO_2 conversion rate was achieved along with high methanol selectivity. Additionally, when the particle diameter was 8 mm, the bed pressure drop was reduced while maintaining high CO_2 conversion and methanol selectivity. Finally, the influences of flow velocity, pressure, temperature, and CO_2 concentration on the reaction were examined. The results showed that increasing the flow velocity not only rapidly decreased CO_2 conversion but also raised the bed pressure drop. Higher pressure increased the reactant concentration in the reactor, which improved both CO_2 conversion and methanol selectivity. When the inlet temperature was around515 K, both CO_2 conversion and methanol selectivity were relatively high. Below 515 K, the reaction was kinetically limited, hindering CO_2conversion, while above 515 K, the methanol synthesis reaction was thermodynamically constrained, leading to a slight decline in CO_2conversion. Increasing the inlet CO_2 concentration reduced both CO_2 conversion and methanol selectivity. This work can provide a reference for the development of industrial catalysts and fixed-bed reactors used in CO_2 hydrogenation to methanol.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2177K]

  • Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol over a CeO2-modification threedimensional macroporous Cu-ZnO-ZrO2 catalysts

    GENG Daiyun;YUAN Jiangyong;WANG Chunliang;WANG Yuhao;LI Kongzhai;Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology;State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization,Kunming University of Science and Technology;

    Rare earth CeO_2 was introduced into the Cu-ZnO-ZrO_2 catalyst system through coprecipitation and three-dimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM) preparation methods for material modification. Activity tests revealed that CeO_2 modification significantly enhanced the catalytic performance of catalysts prepared by both methods in CO_2 hydrogenation to methanol,with the most pronounced improvement observed in the 3DOM-structured CeO_2-modified catalyst. Under reaction conditions of 200 ℃ and 4 MPa,the CZZC-3DOM/Cu-ZnO-ZrO_2 catalyst loaded mass fraction with 3% CeO_2 exhibited increased CO_2 conversion(from 8.24% to 11.1%),improved methanol selectivity(from 79.5% to 88.3%),and enhanced methanol space-time yield(from 195 to 292 g/（kg·h）),representing an overall 50% performance enhancement. Characterization results(XRD,SEM,TEM) demonstrated that compared to coprecipitation-derived catalysts, the 3DOM-structured catalyst achieved more uniform spatial distribution of active sites after CeO_2modification. The 3DOM architecture facilitated Ce element dispersion on the catalyst surface and promoted oxygen vacancy formation,thereby improving CO_2 adsorption. This study demonstrates that the combination of CeO_2 modification and 3DOM structure creates synergistic effects for catalytic enhancement,providing valuable insights for designing novel catalysts for CO_2-to-methanol conversion.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2423K]

  • Progress in CO2-to-olefins conversion via hydrogenation

    HAN Jianxiang;CUI Xiwen;SUN Jian;Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;

    Under the dual imperatives of global climate change and energy structure transition,the efficient conversion and utilization of CO_2 has emerged as a pivotal pathway toward achieving the “ dual carbon” goals. Olefins, as essential chemical feedstock, are traditionally produced through fossil resource-intensive processes characterized by high energy consumption and substantial carbon emissions. Consequently,the catalytic hydrogenation of CO_2 to olefins using green hydrogen presents a promising strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions while reducing reliance on petrochemical resources. Against this backdrop, this review systematically summarizes recent advancements in CO_2 hydrogenation to olefins,with a particular focus on catalyst design and reaction mechanisms.The review begins with a comprehensive overview of the primary technical routes for CO_2-to-olefins conversion, including the COmediated pathway and MTO pathway. Subsequently, it elaborates on catalyst design strategies, encompassing the selection of active components(e.g.,Fe-based and Co-based catalysts),the incorporation of promoters(e.g.,alkali metals and transition metals),and the optimization of supports(e.g., metal oxides and carbon-based materials). These strategies significantly enhance catalytic performance by modulating electronic structures, surface acid-base properties, and the exposure of active sites. Regarding reaction mechanisms,the review provides an in-depth analysis of the CO-mediated and methanol-mediated pathways. The CO-mediated route involves sequential steps such as CO_2 adsorption/activation,CO formation/diffusion,and C-C coupling/hydrogenation during FTS. In contrast,the methanol-mediated pathway enables direct CO_2-to-olefins conversion via a two-step process,circumventing the AndersonSchulz-Flory distribution limitation and markedly improving selectivity toward light olefins. Finally,the review oulines future research directions,including the development of more efficient and stable catalytic systems,as well as the design of novel reactors(e.g.,multistage or membrane reactors) to enhance process efficiency. In summary,this work systematically examines catalyst design principles and mechanistic insights in CO_2 hydrogenation to olefins,critically evaluates the merits and limitations of different technical approaches,and proposes key areas for future investigation. With the growing emphasis on green chemistry and sustainable development, CO_2hydrogenation to olefins holds significant potential as a transformative technology for achieving carbon neutrality.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2559K]

  • Research progress in photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation

    LI Yangyang;HUANG Siyi;TIAN Xin;XU Di;DING Mingyue;School of Power and Mechanical Engineering,Wuhan University;Perception and Effectiveness Assessment for Carbonneutrality Efforts,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education,Institute for Carbon Neutrality,Wuhan University;

    CO_2 catalytic conversion with green hydrogen into high value-added chemicals is an important approach to achieve large-scale CO_2 emission reduction,green hydrogen storage and transportation,which is great significance for advancing the “Dual Carbon” goals and facilitating the transition to green energy. However,traditional thermal catalytic CO_2 hydrogenation technologies usually rely on hightemperature conditions,which have problems such as harsh reaction conditions,high energy consumption,easy deactivation of catalysts,and difficulty in regulating product selectivity. In recent years, photothermal catalysis for CO_2 hydrogenation has developed rapidly.Compared with thermal catalysis technology,photothermal catalysis can couple renewable solar energy resources,reduce the use of fossil energy, and at the same time achieve CO_2 hydrogenation reactions under mild conditions, improving the operational stability of the catalyst to a certain extent,which has attracted extensive attention from both the academic and industrial communities. However,due to the chemical inertness of CO_2 molecules and the complexity of reaction pathways,the generation of different products involves competing reaction pathways,making it extremely challenging to achieve efficient and targeted photothermal catalytic conversion of CO_2. In recent years,researchers have made significant progress in improving the CO_2 conversion rate and optimizing the selectivity of target products through strategies such as designing efficient photothermal catalysts,optimizing reaction systems,and exploring the photothermal synergy mechanism. Based on this, this paper systematically summarizes the research progress of photothermal catalytic CO_2 hydrogenation.Firstly,the photothermal catalytic CO_2 hydrogenation reaction and catalyst systems are introduced. The new catalyst system for preparing CO, CH_4, methanol and C_(2+) products by photothermal catalytic CO_2 hydrogenation was summarized. The photoelectronic effect or photothermal conversion effect produced by photothermal materials(such as metal nanoparticles, semiconductors, MOF materials,etc.) under light conditions was studied. The photogenerated carriers are excited and the rapid temperature rise of the reaction system is promoted to participate in the catalytic process, and the structure-activity relationship between the composition, structure(such as particle size,defects,interfaces) of the catalyst and the reaction performance is explored. Secondly,the mechanism of photothermal catalytic CO_2 hydrogenation reaction was summarized,and the regulation mechanism of photothermal catalysis on product selectivity and reaction performance was introduced. On the one hand,by lowering the energy barrier of the key reaction path,the reaction is more inclined to generate specific products,significantly enhancing the selectivity of the target products. On the other hand,electron transfer can optimize the adsorption and conversion kinetics of reactants such as CO_2,*CO,and *HCOO,as well as key intermediate species,thereby accelerating the reaction process. Finally,the development prospects of photothermal catalytic CO_2 hydrogenation are prospected.At present, the development of photothermal catalysis technology still faces challenges such as unclear reaction mechanisms, low utilization rate of catalyst light energy, and poor long-term stability. In the future, it is necessary to develop full-spectrum response materials,regulate and achieve the selectivity of specific products(such as C_(2+)),improve the stability of the catalyst,develop highly stable catalysts,and conduct in-depth research on the photothermal synergy mechanism to achieve industrial application.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3236K]

  • Occurrence and migration of strategic metals Li, Ga, Ge and In in gasification slag

    SHAN Tianqi;YANG Ce;LIU Jinchang;FU Zongpin;ZHAO Yunpeng;Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization,Ministry of Education,China University of Mining & Technology;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing;

    Gasification slag is the main solid waste produced in the modern coal chemical process. To efficiently extract and utilize the strategic metal resources contained in the coal gasification slag, and realize its high-value utilization, has become a current research hotspot. Currently,the occurrence state and migration rules of strategic metal elements in gasification slag are not well understood. In this study,ICP-MS,SEM-EDS and XRD were employed to analyze the content and mineral phase composition of strategic metals including Li,Ga,Ge and In in gasification slag. Subsequently,the occurrence state of these strategic metals in gasification slag was investigated using a step-by-step chemical extraction method. Moreover,the chemical morphology evolution of Li,Ga,Ge and In during gasification was simulated by Factsage thermodynamic software. The results indicate that compared to Yulin coal,Li and Ga are enriched in both fine slag and coarse slag. Ge and In are highly volatile during the gasification process and are mostly enriched in the gasification fine slag as the syngas cools. The strategic metals Li,Ga,Ge and In in the gasification slag mainly exist in the form of metal oxidation state,organic binding state and residue state,and a small part of Li exists in the ion exchange state and acid soluble state. The strategic metals Li,Ga,Ge and In in the gasification slag primarily exist in the form of metal oxidation state,organic binding state and residue state,with a small portion of Li existing in the ion exchange state and acid soluble state. These findings contribute to elucidating the occurrence state of strategic metal elements in coal gasification slag and the migration law of gasification process,thereby providing a theoretical reference for the comprehensive utilization of coal gasification slag.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2417K]

  • Verification on elemental carbon content of coal by integrating data-driven and heuristic algorithm

    SUN Shuanzhu;LU Jiahui;JIANG Yushuang;ZHOU Chunlei;ZHU Jiewen;YANG Chenchen;TANG Hongjian;DUAN Lunbo;Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co.,Ltd.;Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control,Ministry of Education,Southeast University;

    Under the national “ carbon peaking” and “ carbon neutrality” policy, emission reduction in the coal-fired power generation sector is imperative. Improving the quality of carbon emission data and strengthening regulatory oversight are essential measures to ensure effective decarbonization. As a key parameter in carbon emission accounting,the elemental carbon content of as-fired coal is critical for verifying the accuracy of reported data by coal-fired power plants. To address this need, an intelligent verification method for as-fired coal elemental carbon content data is proposed. First,a dataset comprising approximately 1 000 samples of proximate analysis and elemental analysis of typical coals was compiled. Then, a regression-based machine learning model was developed using Gaussian Process Regression(GPR) combined with a heuristic optimization algorithm,trained on the US coal quality dataset. The model achieved high predictive performance,with R~2 values of 0.989 8 and 0.987 7 on the training and testing sets,respectively,enabling accurate prediction and verification of elemental carbon content. Subsequently, the generalizability of machine learning model was validated using Chinese standard coal samples and coal data from typical Chinese coal-fired units. The model yielded a mean relative error of only 1.68% on standard coal samples and an R~2 of 0.987 7 on unit data,demonstrating its accuracy and applicability. Finally,the model was deployed in a 600 MW coal-fired power plant in China,where it achieved a mean relative error of 0.79% between predicted and measured values,enabling timely and accurate monitoring of as-fired coal carbon elemental content at the shift level,and supporting reliable elemental carbon content data reporting for emission accounting.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1943K]

  • Driving mechanism and policy implications for evolution of electricity consumption in resource-based regions: A case study of Shanxi Province

    WANG Yanxia;DI Zichen;BO Yu;WU Haibin;LU Xi;CHENG Fangqin;Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Shanxi University;School of Environment,Tsinghua University;Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;

    Under the background of new power system construction,resource-based regions bear the double pressure of energy supply and carbon emission reduction,and face great challenges in low-carbon transformation. The formulation of effective development policies is an important support for sound and orderly development,and clarifying the mechanism by which policies drive electricity consumption is a key issue. In this study,the LMDI-Shanxi model is constructed by taking Shanxi Province,a resource-based region,as an example. The driving mechanism of economic scale, industrial structure, energy consumption intensity, degree of electrification, population size,population structure,and level of electricity consumption on terminal electricity consumption is analyzed,and the intrinsic correlation between policies and drivers is explored,so as to put forward policy recommendations for a smooth transition in resource-based regions.The results show that in the period from 2000 to 2021,the terminal electricity consumption in Shanxi Province increased by 210.301billion kWh,and the economic scale and the degree of electrification are the main promotional factors of electricity consumption,with the contribution rate of 96.71% and 33.29%, respectively; the intensity of energy consumption and the industrial structure are the main inhibiting factors, with the contribution rate of-39.50% and-1.14%, respectively. The changes in economic scale, energy intensity,industrial structure and electrification are attributable to the vigorous promotion of industrial transformation policies and environmental protection policies. Measures such as capacity reduction,energy conservation,emission reduction and transformation and upgrading of key industries,as well as support for emerging industries,have optimized the industrial structure and curbed the growth of 8 247 million kWh of end-use electricity consumption from 2011 to 2020; It has also reduced the energy intensity of industries and reduced terminal electricity consumption by 71.169 billion kWh from 2000 to 2021; With the construction of urbanization,the level of residential electricity consumption increases and boosts electricity consumption by 21.176 billion kWh from 2000 to 2021. The size of the economy and the degree of electrification have determined that end-use power consumption in Shanxi Province will continue to grow, and industrial transformation and energy-saving and environmental protection policies need to be strengthened in order to balance power supply and carbon emission reduction. In addition,policy support such as thermal power flexibility transformation can be increased to enhance the safe operation of the power grid and promote the symbiotic complementary and synergistic development of thermal power and new energy power.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1957K]

  • Sulfur evolution characteristics during chemical looping combustion of Liuzhi Coal in Guizhou Province and CuFeMnO4 composite oxygen carrier

    LI Weiguang;DING Ning;LIN Deshun;WANG Mengjia;QU Xinxin;YAO Danyi;HAO Shuai;WANG Baowen;School of Energy and Power,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power;Hebei Construction Investment Energy Storage Technology Co.,Ltd.;

    The sulfur content of pyrite in coal is high,and it is directly used for coal chemical looping combustion,and its migration is complicated,causing many adverse effects,which needs to be paid attention to. Select Liuzhi Coal(LZ) in Guizhou Province,deash it by pickling and remove pyrite sulfur directionally,then add quantitative pyrite model compound as fuel(LZ-DP+FeS_2),self-made CuFeMnO_4 composite oxygen carrier,In the double-temperature tube furnace,the transfer of oxygen,the evolution of sulfur and the interaction between the two reacted at different temperatures were systematically studied. The results show that the doping of Mn effectively enhances the reduction of Fe~(3+) in CuFeMnO_4,the transfer of oxygen and its reactivity; When LZ-DP+FeS_2 coal is pyrolyzed alone,pyrite sulfur evolves complexly and produces different gaseous sulfur components such as H_2S,SO_2,COS and CS_2,but when a certain amount of CuFeMnO_4 is added,it decomposes and releases O_2 successively and transfers the lattice oxygen in it,so that all kinds of gaseous sulfur are fully oxidized at high temperature to form more SO_2. Multiple cycle experiments show that CuFeMnO_4 has enhanced directional sulfur fixation ability while maintaining good regenerative ability,and has great application potential in coal chemical looping combustion.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2274K]

  • Gas-solid flow characteristics of a new low-load stable combustion burner

    HUANG Chunchao;LI Zhengqi;LU Yue;WANG Yufei;CHEN Zhichao;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology;Zhengzhou Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology;

    The existing faulty coal-fired boiler has a minimum stable combustion load rate of 50%,making it challenging to meet deep peak shaving demands. Previous research has primarily focused on reducing NOx emissions rather than achieving stable combustion at low loads. Most experimental conditions are set at full load,thus lacking studies on low-load conditions. To address the insufficient deep peak shaving capability of faulty coal-fired boiler,a novel low-load stable combustion technology has been developed. This technology retains the original burner's secondary air structure. By incorporating central powder feeding,introducing swirling gap air,and optimizing the premixing section and flared outlet,it can achieve stable combustion at a minimum load rate of 30% solely through its own recirculation zone. This technology was applied to LNASB burners of a 350 MW faulty coal-fired boiler,resulting in a low-load stable combustion LNASB burner(SLNASB). Through laboratory gas-particle phase experiments,the effect of gap air mass flow on the gas-particle flow of SLNASB was analyzed at 30% boiler load. The experimental results showed that gap air could regulate the shape and size of recirculation zone. When the gap air mass flow was 66% of the inner secondary air mass flow,the recirculation zone formed a large ring with a length of1.0d and a diameter of 0.48d. The zone boundary was 0.075d from the central axis(where d is the outer second exit diameter). At 44%gap air flow, the recirculation zone became central, with a length of 0.7d and a diameter of 0.60d. At 22% and 0 gap air flow, the recirculation zone turned into a small ring,with lengths of 0.5d and diameters of 0.24d and 0.32d,respectively. The total recirculation ratio for 66%,44%,22% and 0 gap air flow were 0.74,0.55,0.29 and 0.38,respectively,with swirl numbers of 0.872,0.934,0.784 and 0.512,and gas/particle diffusion angles of 37.8°/36.3°,38.4°/36.6°,35.1°/32.0° and 36.0°/35.4°,respectively. In the radial range of r=0-50 mm,the axial velocity of 66% and 44% gap air flow was lower than that of 22% and 0. At 22% gap air flow,the tangential velocity decayed more rapidly. For the same x/d(where x is the distance from the measuring point to the outer),the radial velocity with no gap air was greater than with it,and the negative value range was smaller. After x/d=0.1,the turbulence intensity peak at 66% and 44% gap air flow was higher than the other two conditions. As the gap air flow decreased,the turbulence kinetic energy at the same position gradually increased. The turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate at 0 gap air flow was lower than with it. Under different conditions,the particle concentration is higher near the burner center region and lower at the periphery. At 66% gap air flow,there was significant particle recirculation in the x/d=0.3-0.7 range,with the recirculation starting point close to the burner center. At 44% gap air flow,central region particle recirculation occurred in the x/d=0.5-0.7 range. At 0 gap air flow,the peak position was near r/d=0.15,with high concentration particles at the edge of primary air, and obvious particle recirculation in the x/d=0.1-0.3 range. At 22% gap air flow, there was no significant particle recirculation.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2359K]

  • Dynamic response characteristics of thermal power unit regulation process under condenser water level disturbance

    FENG Fuyuan;LIANG Huixun;ZHANG Qijun;CHEN Heng;XU Gang;LIU Tong;School of Energy,Power and Mechanical Engineering,North China Electric Power University;

    In the context of the dual carbon goals and the large-scale grid connection of new energy,traditional thermal power units urgently need to enhance operational flexibility to meet the demands of grid peak shaving and frequency regulation. The condensate throttling technology alters the steam flow to the low-pressure cylinder of the turbine by adjusting the condensate flow rate,enabling a rapid response in unit output power. In order to study the dynamic response characteristics of the thermal power unit's regulation process under condenser water level disturbances,a dynamic thermal model of a 600 MW supercritical reheat unit was constructed based on the Dymola simulation platform in a Modelica language environment. The model is built on the theoretical foundations of mass conservation,energy conservation, and the basic laws of heat transfer, with modular modeling of equipment such as boilers, turbines, condensers,deaerators,high-pressure heaters,and low-pressure heaters,as well as incorporating steam temperature control and water level control systems. The former maintains the stability of main and reheat steam temperatures by adjusting the flow of cooling water,while the latter dynamically adjusts the pump speed or valve opening based on water level deviations. By applying step disturbances of 0.1 m to 0.5 m to the condenser water level at four typical operating conditions of 100%, 90%, 50%, and 40% rated load, the dynamic response characteristics of key parameters such as condensate mass flow and unit power can be analyzed. The results show that under the same operating load, the greater the water level disturbance of the condenser, the greater the increment of the output power of the corresponding unit. Under different operating loads,under the same condenser water level disturbance,the unit in high load operation,condensate mass flow overshoot is small,and it is easier to achieve stability,at the same time,when running high load,the output power response speed of the unit is faster,and the increment of the output power of the unit is larger,and the output power increment of the group is 0.85-5.68 MW when the load is high,which is more obvious than the power increment of 0.36-2.26 MW under low load.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1889K]

  • Soot formation characteristics during propane MILD combustion

    TIAN Songjie;REN Hao;XU Shunta;XI Liyang;TU Yaojie;LIU Hao;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;

    Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution(MILD) combustion is an advanced low-oxygen diluted combustion technology capable of achieving simultaneous reductions in NOx and soot emissions. This study employs numerical simulations based on the counterflow flame model in the chemical kinetics analysis software CHEMKIN-PRO to investigate the soot formation pathways in propane MILD combustion and their distinctions from conventional combustion. Furthermore,the effects of strain rate(50–80 s~(-1)) and CO_2 dilution(volume fraction:0–60%) on soot formation pathways under MILD conditions are systematically analyzed. The results reveal that the dominant soot formation pathways in MILD combustion are: 2C_3H_3→A1, A_1~-+H(+M)?A1(+M), A_1~-+CH_4?A1+CH_3,A_1~-+C_2H_4?A1+C_2H_3, C_6H_5CH_3+H=A1+CH_3 and 2C_3H_3→A1 and A_1~-+ H(+M)? A1(+M) under MILD conditions are significantly reduced,leading to suppressed A1 formation and thus inhibiting soot nucleation. Consequently,the surface mass growth rate of soot decreases by 78.6%,and the peak soot volume fraction diminishes by 83.7%. Notably,the contribution of the 2C_3H_3→A1 pathway to soot formation decreases by 7.7% under MILD combustion,while the importance of the C_6H_5CH_3+H?A1+CH_3 and Additionally,the peak soot volume fraction under MILD conditions exhibits a nonlinear dependence on strain rate,initially increasing and subsequently decreasing with rising strain rates. This behavior stems from the competitive interplay between the non-monotonic variation in nucleation rates and the continuous increase in surface growth rates. Both the physical and chemical effects of CO_2 dilution intensify with higher dilution ratios. At CO_2 dilution levels of 0-40%,the physical effect of CO_2 exerts minimal influence on peak soot volume fraction. However,CO_2 chemically promotes H consumption via the CO+OH?CO_2+H reaction,thereby weakening the H-abstraction C_2H_2-addition(HACA) mechanism critical for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) growth. This results in significant reductions in A1 and A4 concentrations. At 60% CO_2 dilution,the peak soot volume fraction further declines to 6.4×10~(-9),demonstrating enhanced suppression of soot formation in MILD combustion.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2112K]

  • Simulation analysis of integrated amine-based carbon capture and electrochemical conversion utilization

    QIU Dongya;ZHAO Chuanwen;JIN Dongling;GUO Yafei;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University;

    Excessive CO_2 emissions have triggered a severe climate crisis,with emissions from coal-fired power plants accounting for a significant proportion. Hence, research into flue gas carbon capture has become critical. Chemical absorption, due to its mature technology, holds promise as one of the technologies for large-scale carbon emission reduction applications. However, its further development is constrained by high energy consumption and investment costs. In traditional Carbon Capture and Utilization(CCU)processes,the capture and utilization steps are often conducted separately. Researchers have optimized the capture process by developing new absorbents and energy-saving processes while also developing more efficient and secure CO_2 utilization and storage technologies.However,individually optimizing each process leads to diminishing returns in energy efficiency. Therefore,researchers are considering the economic and energy benefits of integrating carbon capture and utilization technologies. Some scholars propose using electrochemical conversion instead of traditional absorbents for regenerating towers, integrating CO_2 capture and electrochemical conversion for utilization. Based on traditional MEA wet capture processes,a modeling analysis of Integrated Carbon Capture and Utilization(ICCU)using organic amine electrolytes was conducted using Aspen Plus, and a technical and economic analysis of the two processes was performed. The results show that compared to conventional CCU processes,the ICCU process improves CO_2 conversion rates and CO yields by 6% and 33%,respectively. Additionally,the energy efficiency of the ICCU process(38.94%) is slightly higher than that of the CCU process(37.8%). However, with the corresponding increase in electrolysis energy consumption, the overall improvement in energy efficiency is not significant. Sensitivity analysis of the electrolysis temperature reveals a decreasing trend in energy efficiency for both processes with increasing temperature,although the efficiency of the ICCU process remains higher. Moreover,the cost of the ICCU process increases continuously,with a temperature increase of 5°C resulting in a 2% cost increase. Overall,the ICCU process has certain advantages in terms of total cost(6 399.17 yuan/t),with a reduction in system energy consumption being a key factor in further cost reduction. In conclusion,the ICCU process achieves some improvement in economic and energy benefits.

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1865K]

  • Study on the preparation of construction sand from coal gangue via high-temperature fluidized bed thermal conversion

    GAO Jiahui;LI Ting;FU Liangliang;ZHANG Qingjin;XU Guangwen;BAI Dingrong;Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Material of Ministry of Education,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology;

    Coal gangue is a type of bulk solid waste produced during coal production. Its utilization presents notable environmental and resource wastage challenges. This study proposes a method to address these challenges by utilizing high-temperature fluidized bed technology,which has the potential to efficiently,economically,and on a large-scale convert coal gangue into construction sand through thermochemical reactions. To validate the feasibility of this technology,we conducted experiments in a high-temperature fluidized bed with a diameter of 160 millimeters using coal gangue samples from three different areas. The results reveal that with increasing temperature,the minimum fluidization velocity decreases and fluidization stability improves. Under stable fluidization conditions(twice the minimum fluidization velocity),as well as appropriate operating temperature and raw material sphericity conditions,the products can meet the standard requirements of high quality construction sand aggregates. Among them,the product strength(crushing value)is related to the calcination temperature and the sphericity of the material. Increasing the sphericity of the raw material particles and the heat conversion temperature can effectively enhance the strength of the product(reduce the crushing value).

    2025 06 v.31;No.178 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2607K]
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