- ZHANG Lu;SHAO Ranlei;WANG Luyuan;ZHANG Xingyu;ZHANG Ruihan;CAI Feipeng;CHENG Xingxing;WANG Zhiqiang;School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences);Jinan Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage and Hydrogen Utilization, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences);School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University;
High-nickel cathode materials have advantages such as high capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness,and are regarded as the most potential cathode materials in the future field of lithium-ion batteries.However,in practical commercial applications,their performance is restricted by multiple factors such as excessive residues of lithium-ion compounds,insufficient structural stability,and limited rate performance.Doping modification of high-nickel cathode materials,as an effective solution,has received extensive research.Based on the high energy density and high cycling performance of high-nickel materials,an analysis and summary of the doping modification of lithium-ion battery cathode materials has been carried out,and the current challenges of high-nickel cathodes are sorted out and the future development directions are prospected.The aim is to provide a useful reference for the performance improvement of lithium-ion battery high-nickel cathode materials,and further lay a solid theoretical foundation for the development of high-nickel cathode materials in the energy industry in terms of cycling and stability.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 693K] - ZHANG Jie;TONG Xiaofan;GAO Yang;China Energy Engineering Group Zhejiang Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.;
In order to investigate the economy of new energy hydrogen production,this study takes the unit cost hydrogen price as the object to build the control equation,and explores the influence of variables such as annual utilisation hours,ratio of subsidised hydrogen electricity to feed-in electricity,ratio of hydrogen installed capacity to new energy installed capacity,unit project cost of hydrogen production,unit project cost of new energy,on the basis of which,the unit cost hydrogen price equivalence point is investigated for the different ratios of subsidised hydrogen electricity to feed-in electricity under both the grid-connected and off-grid modes.On the basis of this,we study the equivalence point of hydrogen price per unit cost under different ratios of subsidised hydrogen price to grid-connected power and off-grid power.The results show that as the ratio of subsidised hydrogen price to feed-in electricity increases,the unit cost of new energy unit project cost is higher for off-grid and grid-connected modes.In addition,a new idea for the orderly development of the green hydrogen industry has been proposed,which is to use part of the profit of the new energy electricity to subsidise the green hydrogen so that its cost is comparable to that of grey hydrogen.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 791K] - LI Jingxuan;YAN Xiaofeng;ZHANG Fengshuo;MENG Yuxuan;MENG Xianguang;School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology;Tianjin Energy Investment Group Tianjin Heating Co., Ltd.;
The dry reforming of methane (DRM),converting two primary greenhouse gases,CH_4 and CO_2,into syngas (H_2/CO),offers a pivotal route for valorizing greenhouse gases into high-value-added chemicals.However,DRM confronts challenges such as carbon deposition on the catalyst surface and sintering of active metal particles under high-temperature conditions,leading to deactivation.Consequently,there is an urgent need for a catalyst that is resistant to high temperatures,coke formation,and sintering to enhance the catalytic activity and stability of DRM.Due to their unique structures and superior physicochemical properties,carbides have found widespread application in electrocatalysis,thermal catalysis,and photo-thermal catalysis.Their noble-metal-like (Pt-like) characteristics,excellent thermal stability,good affinity with oxidants (CO_2 and H_2O),and strong metal-support interactions make carbides promising candidates for boosting the efficiency of the DRM reaction and extending the lifetime of the catalyst.The review covers the general reaction mechanisms and thermodynamic characteristics of conventional DRM catalysis,with a focus on the typical reaction mechanisms and applications of carbide materials in this process.Finally,the technical challenges and future directions for carbide-catalyzed DRM are proposed.The aim is to provide valuable guidance for the development of efficient and stable carbide-based DRM catalyst systems,fostering scientific research,technological innovation,and industrial application in this field.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2031K] - HU Fating;MAO Xuefeng;LI Junfang;ZHONG Jinlong;LI Heng;ZHANG Xiaoran;China Coal Research Institute;National Energy Technology and Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control;
China is rich in coal-based derived oil resources.The preparation technology of coal-based jet fuel is an effective way to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of jet fuel,promote the efficient utilization of coal-based derived oil,and maintain national security.In order to comprehensively understand the preparation technology development,physical and chemical properties and commercial application trend of coal-based jet fuel,the source and characteristics of direct liquefied oil,indirect liquefied oil and coal tar are discussed.The development process,technical research progress and commercial application of coal-based jet fuel at home and abroad are introduced.The process,technical difficulties and application prospects of technologies of preparing jet fuel from three coal-based derived oil are discussed and prospected,which provides an important reference for the development direction,industrial planning and policy formulation of coal-based derivative oil in China.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 539K] - ZHANG Shihao;ZHU Jianguo;MEIHERIAYI Mutailipu;LIU Jingzhang;LYU Qinggang;Northwest Energy Carbon Neutrality Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education,Xinjiang University;School of Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang University;State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Xinjiang has abundant reserves of high-alkali coal,but due to the high content of alkali metal elements such as Na and K,it has caused problems of slagging and contamination during the combustion of high-alkali coal.Fluidized preheating can increase fuel activity and promote alkali metal precipitation,and preheating combustion is expected to achieve clean and efficient combustion of high-alkali coal.At present,the kinetic characteristics of fuel reactions after preheating high-alkali coal have not been elucidated.Therefore,in order to investigate the dynamic effects of preheating air equivalence ratio（λ）on the preheating of high-alkali coal and coke,a high-alkali coal circulating fluidized bed preheating experiment was conducted.Through thermogravimetric (TG) experiments,the changes in activation energy and pre exponential factor were analyzed,and the dynamic characteristics of raw coal and preheated coke were studied.The results showed that when the preheating air equivalence ratio increased from 0.28 to 0.40,the maximum weight loss rate of preheated coal coke decreased,and the ignition and burnout points increased.Before the mass conversion rate reaches 0.5,the reaction activation energy and pre exponential factor of preheated coal coke are higher than those of raw coal,while the conversion rate is within the 0.5～0.8 stage,and the results are opposite.This is because the volatile matter content and coke reaction characteristics of raw coal and preheated coal coke are different in different reaction stages.The reaction rate constants of raw coal and preheated coal coke were calculated at different combustion temperatures,and it was found that the reaction rate constants of preheated coal coke were higher than those of raw coal,and the reaction rate constants increased first and then decreased with the increase of the preheating air equivalence ratio.When the preheating equivalence ratio is 0.31 and the combustion temperature is 950℃，the calculated reaction rate constant of preheated coal coke is about 13 times that of raw coal.The research results are expected to provide theoretical and data support for the development and application of high alkali coal preheating combustion technology.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1034K] - XU Naicen;ZHANG Jing;SHEN Jialin;LI Hualing;FANG Chaogang;JIN Fan;Nanjing Center,China Geological Survey;
Compared with traditional fossil fuels,shale has the characteristics of complex mineral components,low organic matter content and uneven distribution.In order to fully exploit and utilize shale,the shale of the coal-bearing formation in the lower Yangtze Wuwei Sag is studied.X-ray diffraction (XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) were used to study the mineralogical characteristics and thermal stability.XRD results show that the main minerals of shale in this area are quartz and illite,followed by chlorite,kaolinite,carbonate and feldspar,and there is a superposition of amorphous organic matter in the spectrum.FTIR results show that shale samples from this area are rich in clay minerals and contain small amounts of organic matter.The organic matter is mainly aliphatic hydrocarbon group,but it is not mature.The TG-DSC results show that the pyrolysis zone of organic matter moves to the high temperature zone with the increase of heating rate.Air is more helpful than nitrogen to reduce the ignition point of shale and broaden the pyrolysis zone of organic matter.The characteristic temperature increases with the increase of heating rate,and this trend is more obvious for samples with high organic matter.With the increase of heating rate,shale pyrolysis moves to the high temperature area.Under different heating rates,the pyrolysis index of shale with higher organic matter is better than that of shale with lower organic matter.The pyrolysis index in air atmosphere is higher than that in nitrogen atmosphere.The increase of heating rate is conducive to the release of products.The release characteristic index of shale pyrolysis products in nitrogen atmosphere is higher than that in air atmosphere.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2513K] - DU Shanzhou;HUANG Yongbo;DU Yanxia;MENG Xiangtian;LI Lun;Zhunneng Group Co.,Ltd.of CHN ENERGY;Haerwusu Open-pit Coal Mine,China Shenhua Energy Co.,Ltd.;
The clean utilization and high efficient of coal is the only way of energy development.It is also a necessity of reinventing the China's energy system in the context of"Peak Carbon Dioxide Emission and Carbon Neutrality".Jungar mining area is one of major coal resource base in China.The coal has the characteristics of low sulfur and phosphorus,which is associated with rich aluminum,gallium,and so on.The coal is praised as"Green Coal".Zhunneng Group over the years has always developing clean utilization and high efficient techniques of coal,and constructs clean utilization and high efficient industry chains.It formed an incomparable industrial pattern of"coal-Coal-based Nano Carbon-hydrocarbon Fuel-electricity-fly ash-aluminium oxide,silicon,gallium-aluminium".The clean utilization and high efficient pattern of coal from Zhunneng Group is introduced in detail,covering technology involved in development process.It offers Zhunneng approach for transition and development of coal.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 651K] - BAI Laiping;LI Zhen;YAO Lei;LIAN Xin;XIE Yongxin;WANG Hong;YUAN Xue;Shaanxi Xinneng Coal Preparation Technology Co.,Ltd.;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology;
To deeply analyze the molecular structural characteristics of Nanlutian coal and promote the efficient development and clean utilization of coal resources,this study employed characterization methods including industrial analysis,elemental analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance,etc.The structural parameters of Nanlutian coal were determined,and molecular dynamic calculations were combined to construct the molecular structure models of low-density group enrichment sample(NLTL) and high-density group enrichment samples (NLTH).The constructed molecular structure models were optimized,yielding the lowest energy structures and energy parameters for NLTL and NLTH molecules.Based on the true density of raw coal and the proportion of low-density and high-density groups in the raw coal,an aggregated structure of Nanlutian raw coal (NLTC) was constructed.The results indicate that Nanlutian coal has a high oxygen content and a low sulfur content.Oxygen elements mainly exist in the forms of carboxyl,phenol hydroxyl,and ether,with a ratio of approximately 1∶1∶1.Nitrogen elements in NLTL mainly exist in the form of pyrrole,while in NLTH,they mainly exist in the form of pyridine.Aromatic carbons in NLTL and NLTH structures constitute the main body of the carbon framework,accounting for 61.32%and 57.06%,respectively.The proportions of aliphatic carbons are 25.15% and 28.99%,respectively,with X_(BP) values of 0.140 and 0.221.The main aromatic structures in NLTL are benzene and naphthalene,while in NLTH,the main aromatic structure should be naphthalene.The total number of aromatic carbon atoms is 81 and 78,respectively,with molecular formulas of C_(132)H_(109)N_3O_(28) and C_(136)H_(117)N_3O_(25) and molecular weights of 2 185.32 and 2193.43.After model optimization,the total potential energies of NLTL and NLTH are 2 048.05 kJ/mol and 1 612.60 kJ/mol,respectively,with NLTH having lower total potential energy,indicating a more stable molecular structure.During the process of simulating the aggregated structure,the lowest energy and stable aggregated structure of NLTC with a density of 1.45 g/cm~(3 )was obtained by geometric optimization and annealing dynamic simulation,with a decrease in total potential energy of 7 470.57 kJ/mol,primarily due to the reduction in van der Waals energy,followed by torsional energy,angle energy,electrostatic energy,and inversion energy,consistent with the density of the original coal.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1518K] - HA Xulong;ZHU Xinyu;WANG Shanghong;LI Caigang;Guoneng Xinjiang Tunbao Mining Co., Ltd.;
The southern Junggar coalfield contains abundant coal resources and is an important component of the large coal base in Xinjiang,China.In this study,we undertook a multi-proxy study evaluating macerals,vitrinite maximum reflectance,ash content,volatile matter content,sulfur content,hydrogen and carbon atomic ratio,chlorine,fluorine and arsenic elements from the coal seam 5 to explore the clean potential and clean utilization method of the coal seam 5 in Tunbao coal mine,according to the evaluation index systems of coa clean utilization potential and coal direct liquefaction.This paper also identified the depositional environment of No.5 coal seam.The ash yield,maceral characteristics (high inertinite content,V/I ratio) and major elements (ash component index,CaO/MgO,SiO_2/Al_2O_3) of coa seam 5 in Tunbao Coal Mine reflect that coal seam 5 was formed in a weak oxidation environment with warm and humid,shallow wate cover and large changes in hydrodynamic conditions.The coal seam 5 of Tunbao coal mine has the characteristics of relatively low chlorine and arsenic contents,as well as relatively high ash,sulfur and fluorine contents.The ash content is the main obstacle to the clean utilization of coal in Tunbao coal mine.The research results show that clean coal grade is of category III for raw coal,belonging to relatively unclean coal.The coal types of coal seam 5 are mainly brown coal,long-flame coal,and non-caking coal.The content o inertinite is relatively low,and it has the characteristics of ultra-low ash content,high volatile content and high hydrogen and carbon atom ratio.Floating coal meets the evaluation criteria for direct liquefaction coal and is suitable for use as class II direct liquefaction coal.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 797K] - FAN Pengkai;ZHANG Xiaoyan;LU Xin;Gucheng Coal Mine, Shanxi Lu'an Mining Co.,Ltd.;
Fine particles have become the bottleneck of "poor, fine, and miscellaneous" minerals recovery due to slow settling speed, low separation efficiency, and small processing capacity per unit area. To significantly improve the recovery rate and separation efficiency of fine coal particles, optimal separation process parameters were explored. By analyzing the complex motion characteristics of particles in the inclined channels of the Reflux Classifier and their trajectories upon entering the inclined channels, a solid foundation was laid for establishing an accurate theoretical model. The critical condition particle separation theoretical model established in this manuscript takes into account multiple key influencing factors, such as particle properties, equipment parameters, terminal velocity of particles, and Reynolds number, providing a theoretical basis for achieving efficient separation of fine coal particles. Additionally, the accuracy of this model was verified through particle motion equilibrium tests and fine coal separation experiments. The results indicate that the theoretical model prediction results are highly consistent with the actual separation results under the 6 mm channel spacing, and demonstrate optimal separation performance. When the channel spacing is too wide, the size differences between particles significantly affect the separation,leading to a decline in separation efficiency.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 639K] - HAO Chengxiang;HE Jinlong;GAO Weidong;MA Yaya;YANG Zhiqiang;WEI Dong;MO Wenlong;FAN Xing;State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources and Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University;Xinjiang Tianyehuihe New material Co., Ltd.;College of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology;
Coal gasification is a key technology in coal chemical industry,but if the residue produced is not properly treated,it will cause damage and pollution to soil,water and atmosphere.The composition and structural characteristics of the residue from a coal water slurry gasifier were explored using proximate analysis and FT-IR testing.Additionally,the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of the residue were examined under inert and oxidative atmospheres.The results indicate that after the gasification process,the gasification residue(coarse and fine) still contains a small amount of volatile matter that is not completely decomposed,and the fixed carbon is not fully converted.Among them,the volatile matter and fixed carbon mass fraction of the fine residue are 9.52%and 16.25%,respectively,which are both higher than those in the coarse residue (1.15%and 0.03%).FT-IR analysis shows that after gasification,some functional group in raw coal do not decompose.The pyrolysis behavior in nitrogen atmosphere shows that the weight loss rate of coarse slag is basically zero,and the maximum weight loss rate peak of fine slag is about 470℃,which is higher than that of raw coal (440℃).The results o pyrolysis under air atmosphere show that the weight loss rate of coarse slag is still very small,but the raw coal and fine slag have obviou weight loss behavior at 400～460℃and 490～560°C,respectively.Using the Coast-Redfern model,kinetic studies were conducted on the thermal degradation behavior of fine slag.The results indicate that under a nitrogen atmosphere,the pyrolysis intense stage of fine slag(450～500°C) shows a better fit with a reaction order of 3,with a correlation coefficient R~2 of 0.99 and an activation energy E of 6.88kJ/mol.Under air atmosphere,the intense combustion stage of fine slag occurs between 490～560°C,where a reaction order of n=1 provides a better fit with a correlation coefficient R~2 of 0.99 and an activation energy E of 24.45 kJ/mol.Based on these findings,coarse slag is not suitable for co-combustion,whereas fine slag can be utilized as a carbon-rich resource for co-combustion.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1014K] - LIU Ye;National Energy Group Xinjiang Hami Energy Chemical Co., Ltd.;
For a domestic 680-thousand-ton-per-year coal-to-olefin project,by verifying the composition and consumption of energy consumption,analyzing the energy transmission losses and the situation of waste heat and residual energy recovery,analyzing the enterprise's energy balance relationship,calculating the comprehensive energy consumption of the project and the comprehensive energy consumption per unit product,evaluating the energy efficiency level and the actual operation situation,the weak links and prominent problems in energy utilization are identified.Specific suggestions for energy-saving retrofitting are put forward from the aspects of the production process,technical equipment,system optimization,operation management,etc.,and the expected energy-saving effects,economic benefits,and social benefits of various retrofitting measures are comprehensively evaluated.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 601K] - AN Ming;SUN Qingchao;XU Dong;BI Wenbo;ZHENG Weixiong;Zhaolou Coal Mine of Yanzhou Heze Nenghua Co.,Ltd.;Jining No.3 Coal Mine of Yankuang Engergy Group Co., Ltd.;School of Mechani Cal And Electrical Engineering,China University of Mining &Technology (Beijing);
This study systematically investigated the effects of varying concentrations of α-alkyl sulfonate (AOS) additives on the rheological properties of coal-water slurry during pipeline transport,using both a circulating pipeline delivery system and a rotational rheometer.A detailed comparative analysis of data from both testing methods was conducted.The results demonstrated that AOS exhibited a significant viscosity-reducing effect on the slurry in both methods.However,at low concentrations,around 0.02%(mass fraction),the viscosity reduction was minimal,and at certain shear rates,a slight viscosity increase was observed.As the AOS concentration increased to below 0.5%(mass fraction),the slurry viscosity decreased rapidly at various shear rates.When the concentration exceeded 0.5%(mass fraction),the rate of viscosity reduction gradually slowed.At 1.2%(mass fraction) AOS concentration,the viscosity of the slurry became almost constant,with a viscosity reduction rate exceeding 60%across all shear rates.Furthermore,the viscosity-reducing effect of AOS was dependent on shear rate.Below 0.5%(mass fraction),the viscosity reduction initially weakened before strengthening as shear rate increased.Above 0.5%(mass fraction),the effect became more complex,exhibiting two increases and two decreases as shear rate rose.The above experimental data not only confirmed the significant viscosity-reducing effect of AOS on coalwater slurry but also revealed the specific impact of AOS concentration and shear rate on viscosity reduction,providing valuable experimental data for the regulation of slurry rheological properties.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2128K] - XIE Sha;HE Xu;LI Xueshen;WAN Jianhua;514 Brigade of Tianjin North China Geological Exploration Bureau(NCGEB);Hebei Huakan Zihuan Survey Co.,Ltd.;Chengde Shunda Geology Mineral Testing Research Institute;Tianjin Huakan Group Co., Ltd.;
In order to realize the efficient utilization of gasification fine slag as resource,the physical and chemical properties analysis particle size screening and carbon ash separation experiments of gasification fine slag from an enterprise in Ordos area of Inner Mongolia were carried out.The results show that the fine slag is mainly composed of SiO_2,CaO,Al_2O_3,Fe_2O_3 and unburned carbon,but also contains a very small amount of K_2O,Na_2O,TiO_2 and so on.The sample mainly contains Quartz,Calcite,Katoite and Moissanite,the average specific surface area is 0.64 m~2/g.The sieve flotation experiment showed that the dominant size of the gasification fine slag wa0.075–0.5 mm.After screening,the flotation effect of the fine slag with a particle size below 0.075 mm was better,while the flotation resul of the fine slag with a particle size between 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm was worse.Analysis of different influencing factors showed that the optimal flotation process parameters of the fine slag were as follows:slurry concentration of 60 g/L,foaming agent concentration of 10kg/t,collector waste oil consumption of 15 kg/t flotation time of 10min,and aeration of 300 L/h.In addition,low concentration calcium chloride can inhibit flotation,and the flotation results can be improved when adding 0.2 mol/L.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 834K] - NING Shuzheng;XU Xiaotao;JI Xiaoyan;CHEN Rong;YU Xiuguan;QI Fenghua;HUANG Kang;General Prospecting Institute of China National Administration of Coal Geology;Key Laboratory of Transparent Mine Geology and Digital Twin Technology,National Mine Safety Administration;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Bureau of Coal Geology;
The Ningdong coalfield contains rich coal resources and is an important part of the large Ningdong coal base.A multi-proxy study was conducted on the coal petrology,coal quality and harmful element to explore clean utilization method from coal seams 3 and 5of Lower Permian Shanxi Formation and coal seams 8 and 9 of Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in Hengcheng mine of Ningdong coalfield,according to the evaluation index systems of coking coal,direct liquefaction coal and gasification coal.The coal type of coal seams 3,5,8 and 9 is mainly brown coal,with the highest content of vitrinite and the second content of inertinite in the macerals.The coal has the characteristics of low-medium ash content,medium-high volatile content,ultra-low-low sulfur or high sulfur content,weakly caking,relatively high softening temperature ash,medium flow temperature ash,various thermal stability,medium grindability-easy grindability,ultra-low-low chlorine,low-medium fluorine,ultra-low-low arsenic.The raw coals of coal seams 3,5,8 and9 in Hengcheng mine of Ningdong coalfield are not suitable for coking coal and direct liquefaction coal,but meet the standard for gasification coal.Among them,the raw coal of coal seams 3,5 and 8 meets the standard for category II dry coal powder fluidized bed gasification coal,and the raw coal of coal seam 9 meets the standard for category I dry coal powder fluidized bed gasification coal.Therefore,coal gasification is one of the effective ways of clean and efficient utilization of coal resources in Hengcheng mine of Ningdong coalfield.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 752K] - SHI Huijuan;Clean Energy Low-Carbon Thermal Utilization Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province;Dongfang Boiler Co.,Ltd.,Dongfang Electric Corporation;
High sodium content in high-alkali coal leads to equipment fouling issues due to sodium volatilization when used as fuel for power plant boilers,affecting the normal operation of the equipment. Numerous studies have shown that fouling occurs because sodium,upon volatilization into the gas phase and then condenses on the low-temperature heating surfaces,adsorbing ash particles from the flue gas. However,there is limited research on the impact of chlorine content on the volatilization of sodium and potassium. The Factsage calculation method was used to study the volatilization of alkali metals in Wucaiwan coal at different chlorine contents. The results indicate that with an excess air coefficient is 1.2,sodium in Wucaiwan coal primarily volatilizes in the forms of NaCl and NaOH. As the Cl content increases,the NaCl content in the gas phase gradually increases with the rise in temperature. Chlorine primarily volatilizes as NaCl and HCl,and it completely volatilizes into the gas phase at 550 ℃. The HCl content decreases with increasing temperature and tends to remain constant. The NaCl content in the gas phase increases and then stabilizes with the rise in temperature,with the 800–1 100 ℃ range being the significant increase temperature interval for NaCl. Below 990 ℃,the HCl content in the gas phase is higher than that of NaCl. As the temperature increases,HCl in the gas phase converts to NaCl. Potassium mainly volatilizes as KCl,and as the temperature increases,the volatilization of KCl increases and then decreases. At the same temperature,the volatilization ratio of alkali metals in Wucaiwan coal increases with the rise in Cl content,indicating that Cl can promote the volatilization of alkali metals in coal. Comparing the test results of sodium volatilization ratios at 600,700,815,and 920 ℃ with the calculated results,it is found that the test results are much higher than the calculated results at the same temperature,suggesting that there is a significant difference between the Factsage calculated Na volatilization ratios and actual test results.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1000K] - YANG Chuanda;LIU Zhen;XUAN Weiwei;SUN Kaidi;Sales Group of China Energy Investment Co.,Ltd.;National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing;
Mineral matter transformation is an inevitable process in coal ash combustion or gasification.The rule of thermal conversion directly affects the melting and deposition behavior change of coal ash in the furnace,which also determines the applicability of coal.To reduce the loss of minerals in coal ash and the volatilization of alkali metals,four kinds of Xinjiang coal ash were prepared by low temperature ashing method,and cold water quenching method was used to avoid the change of coal ash crystal phase during the cooling process.Then X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer were applied to analyze the heat transformation of coa ash in heating and cooling process.The results show that thermal decomposition of calcite and anhydrite is an important transformation process of the four coal ash,and quartz reacts with other minerals as the temperature increases,and the content of quartz decreases greatly and new crystalline phases are formed.The chemical composition has a great influence on the mineral types of coal ash.The Qiketai and Heishan coal ash with higher Ca content is easy to generate anorthite and gehlenite,and the anorthite content reaches the maximum a about 1 200℃.The coal ash with high Fe content in the eastern and western Beitashan regions mainly underwent the transformation process of Fe_2(SO_4),hematite,hedenbergite and magnesioferrite during the heating process.At 1 400℃，most of the crystalline phase were almost disappeared,and only the high-melting point magnesioferrite crystal phase existed.The volatilization rate of alkali metal Na reached the maximum at 800–1 000℃，and the overall rate was increased first and then decreased.Compared with the heating process,the crystalline phase in the cooling process remains basically unchanged,but the crystalline phase strength increases.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1127K] - XUN Zhiwei;GU Yongzheng;LI Ge;WEI Shuzhou;HUANG Jie;SHEN Boxiong;ZHAO Zhong;CHN Energy (Beijing) Low Carbon Technology Co., Ltd.;National Energy Research and Development Center of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Technology for Coal-based Energy;GD Power Development Co., Ltd;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology;
With the increasing global attention to environmental protection and sustainable development,the resource utilization o carbon dioxide (CO_2) has gradually become an important research topic in the field of chemical engineering.By catalyzing the copolymerization reaction of CO_2 and epoxides,polymers containing carbonate groups can be synthesized,providing a new approach fo green and sustainable polymer preparation.Therefore,the design and optimization of catalysts have gradually become the core research direction in this field.The research progress of CO_2 synthesis of polycarbonate in recent years is reviewed,the research status of catalysts i systematically summarized,and the latest achievements in the structural characteristics,active centers,catalytic mechanisms,and produc properties of Salen metal complexes are focused on.In addition,the application prospects of multicore catalyst systems in CO_2 polymerization reactions are anticipated,while challenges and opportunities in catalyst design,reaction system optimization,and catalys recyclability within this field are proposed.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 924K] - WANG Limin;ZHU Lijiang;LIU Jinge;National Energy Group Coal Coking Co.,Ltd.;Hua Taiji Optoelectronic Technology Co.,Ltd.;
Based on machine learning algorithms,a random forest regression model was constructed using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy data from coal samples to efficiently and accurately predict volatile matter content.Principal component analysis (PCA) and its variants,including kernel PCA (KPCA),sequential PCA (SPCA),and incremental PCA (IPCA),were employed to optimize dimensionality reduction and feature selection of the spectral data.Subsequently,four regression models were developed using random forest algorithm:RF-PCA,RF-KPCA,RF-SPCA,and RF-IPCA.The models'accuracy and precision were ensured through ten-fold crossvalidation and hyperparameter optimization.Among them,the RF-SPCA model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy with an R~2 of 0.985,RMSE of 1.949,and MAE of 0.913.Further analysis of learning curves indicated model stability with increasing training samples,while residual plots showed uniform distribution of prediction errors around zero,further validating the model's excellent generalization performance.The research provides an effective analytical approach for intelligent coal mine analysis.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 825K] - ZHANG Xu;LI Zhiyong;YAN Lunjing;BAI Hao;LI Mingfeng;CHENG Yuanlin;WANG Meijun;XUE Dan;CHANG Liping;BAO Weiren;Zhengzhou Sewage Purifying Co., Ltd.;Zhengzhou Zhongyuan Wanyu New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Utilization of Coal-based Energy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology;Taiyuan University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education;
Gasification technology is one of the most promising thermochemical conversion technologies.Gasification technology can convert sludge and other waste into valuable gases such as H_2 and CO,achieving waste resource utilization,harmless treatment,and largescale treatment.This article investigates the synergistic gasification reaction between sludge and H_2O/CO_2 using thermogravimetric and fixed bed devices and analyzes the gasification reactivity of sludge organic matter and the distribution of combustible gas products.The research results indicate that the CO_2 gasification reaction rate and carbon conversion rate of sludge coke gradually increase with the temperature increase,but tend to stabilize after reaching a certain temperature.When the gasification reaction temperature is raised from 900℃to 950℃,the maximum reaction rate is shortened from about 5 minutes to instantaneous completion.This change indicates that in the early stages of the reaction,the more reactive carbon components in the sludge char can quickly react with the gasifying agent.However,for those carbon components that are difficult to respond to,their reaction with gasification agents requires a longer time.When sludge coke reacts with H_2O,it cannot be completely gasified until 1 000℃,with a carbon conversion rate of 92.34%.The main reason for this phenomenon is the high ash content in the sludge,which hinders the effective contact between the gasifying agent and organic substances in the sludge during the reaction.With the increase in temperature,the yield of H_2 increased from 58.84 L/kg to 242.97 L/kg,the yield of CO increased from 10.28 L/kg to 152.41 L/kg,indicating that the reaction rate was getting faster and faster.When the H_2/COratio decreased from 5.72 to 1.59,the water-gas shift reaction weakened with the increase of temperature.Meanwhile,when the gasifying agents are H_2O,CO_2,and H_2O/CO_2,the gasification carbon conversion rates of sludge coke are 95.57%,91.16%,and 100%,respectively.At 900–950℃,the release rate of H_2 decreased from 10.48%to 2.71%,and the release rate of CO decreased from 72.44% to 1.01%,indicating that the carbon in the sludge is about to be completely gasified,which is similar to the results of carbon conversion rate.It can be seen that when the gasifying agent is a mixed gasifying agent,all carbon in the sludge coke reacts completely,indicating a positive synergistic process between sludge coke and CO_2/H_2O.The main reason is that the ash content in the sludge plays a significant catalytic role in the H_2O/CO_2 mixed gasifying process,which promotes the gasification reaction and enhances the interaction between sludge coke and gasifying agent,thereby achieving a positive synergistic effect.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 751K] - DONG Yingtao;LI Wentao;JIAO Yanhao;ZHAO Xu;YANG Fuxin;RAN Longfei;PowerChina Northwest Engineering Co.,Ltd.;MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University;
The landfill and incineration of waste plastics produce pollutants such as microplastics and dioxins,seriously endangering the ecological environment.The efficient and environmentally friendly recycling of waste plastics is one of the serious environmental problems in China.The co-pyrolysis of plastic with biomass is an important way to utilize plastics,and the key challenge of this technology is to improve the gas production rate and reduce the secondary pollution.In this work,the polypropylene (PP) and Salix psammophila (SP)were selected,and the impregnation method was used to prepare Co-ZSM-5 catalyst.The effects of co-pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis at 400–600℃were explored and the gas production characteristics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generation were investigated.The results indicate that with the increase of the temperature,the yield of product gas and PAHs gradually increase,and there is no solid residue in PP pyrolysis after 500℃.Co-pyrolysis and co-catalytic pyrolysis can reduce the yield of tar and PAHs.However,at 500°C,the productions of fatty hydrocarbons and alcohols in co-pyrolysis tar increase by 5.2% and 10.9%,respectively.The addition of catalysts further increases the relative content of fatty hydrocarbons and alcohols in tar at low temperatures.The toxicity equivalent of PAHs decreases significantly under co-pyrolysis and co-catalytic pyrolysis.At 600℃,the toxicity equivalent decreases by 9.3 wt% and 50.4wt%,respectively.However,at 900℃,the addition of catalyst increases the production and toxicity equivalent of PAHs during the copyrolysis process of PP and SP.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1165K] - LU Yue;LI Zhengqi;HUANG Chunchao;CHEN Zhichao;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology;School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology;Harbin boiler company limited;School of Energy Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering;
The entrained-flow gasifier for fine slag can be applied for large-scale industrial use of gasification fine slag.The gas-solid twophase flow characteristics of a 10 000 Nm~3/h fine slag entrained-flow gasifier were studied using a cold flow experiment system and a PDA(Phase Doppler Anemometry) measurement system to improve the gasifier's gasification performance.The flow field in the gasifier was compared in detail with various burner bias angles.The results reveal that when the burner is arranged biased in the same direction,there is an obvious central tangent circle in the velocity field of the horizontal section where the burner is positioned.When the burner's bias angle is 2°,the tangential area is the smallest,the upward movement of particles is the greatest,the particle updraft rate is up to 0.47,and the turbulence intensity is more than when the bias angle is 4°or 6°.When the bias angle is 2°in the vertical section of the upper gasifier,the downward-moving particle velocity is the largest,the downward-moving particle concentration is the greatest,the airflow swirl intensity is the smallest,and the swirl is the weakest,which is not conducive to the formation of slag layer on the membrane wall.When the bias angle is 6°in the vertical section of the lower gasifier,the tangential velocity of the airflow is the greatest,the swirl intensity is the highest,and the axial velocity is greater than the axial velocity of 4°and 2°.The particles'residence time in the gasifier gets shorter,which hinders the complete reaction of the fine slag.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2719K] - DUAN Ruyuan;HOU Ruifang;CHEN Xuhui;JIN Xin;LI Ninghui;LI Xiufeng;DANG Shuai;CUI Beibei;WANG Meijun;Shanxi Coking Coal Group Co.,Ltd.Coking Coal Clean Utilization Laboratory Branch;State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology;
In actual production,coking coals with similar traditional coal properties,such as the bond index and plastic layer index,often produce coke with significant quality differences.To investigate the impact of coal chemical structure differences on coke quality,three coking coals with similar coal quality indices (C1,C2,C3) were selected and analyzed by preparing coke in a 40 kg coke oven.Through petrographic analysis,Gieseler fluidity measurement,fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments,and thermogravimetric analysis,combined with ~(13)CNMR and Raman spectroscopy,the study examined the coking process from the perspective of coal structure transformation and correlated it with coke quality.The study found that traditional coal quality indices such as the G value and the Y value overlook the chemical structure of coal and its essential impact on coal properties and coke quality,making them insufficient to fully explain the differences in coke quality.The development of fluidity in the thermoplastic temperature region is closely related to the release behavior of volatiles.The narrow plasticity range and low fluidity of C3 lead to a decline in coke quality.Large aromatic clusters (e.g.,f_(ar),Ca) and shortchain hydrocarbons (low CH_2/CH_3 ratio) in C3 hinder the depolymerization of coal,affecting the development of fluidity.Additionally,the increased defect structures (f_(ar) ~N) in coal enhance the reactivity of coke,contributing to the reduction in coke strength.The study helps evaluate and predict the coke strength of different coal types and provides new insights into optimizing coal selection and blending strategies.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 969K] - LI Zhiyong;YAN Lunjing;ZHANG Kai;WANG Xiuzhen;YANG Huiquan;WANG Meijun;CHANG Liping;BAO Weiren;Zhengzhou Sewage Purifying Co., Ltd.;Zhengzhou Zhongyuan Wanyu New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology;Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology;
According to the development demands of municipal sludge resource utilization and reduction disposal in China,pyrolysis technology can be used to convert municipal sludge into tar,combustible gas and char.The degree of sludge pyrolysis is adjusted by changing the reaction temperature and time.The effects of reaction degrees on the pyrolysis conversion of sludge and the distribution characteristics of pyrolysis products were investigated.The results show that different pyrolysis reaction time has a significant effect on the yield and composition of the three-phase products,and there are some differences with the change of temperature.With the extension of reaction time,the yield of char decreases gradually while the yield of gas increases greatly.At 500℃,compared with the reaction time of 0min,the content of CO_2 and C_2-C_3 increased by 171.9% and 1 287.2% in 30 min respectively.However,the yield increase rate of each component in pyrolysis gas at high temperature of 700℃decreased.The CO_2 formed by carbonate decomposition can be gasified with sludge char to form CO.The sludge tar is mainly composed of heavy components,such as distillates with boiling point>230°C account for more than 90%.The content of light components (<230℃) in tar increased by 131.5%(500℃) with the increase of reaction time,but the yield of each tar fraction changes slightly at 700℃.This is because when the temperature is higher (700℃),the thermal decomposition is carried out more thoroughly,and the sludge is mainly based on polycondensationafter 600℃.By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature and reaction time,the composition and distribution of sludge pyrolysis products can be directionally regulated.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1350K] - ZHANG Ping'an;MENG Xiaochao;LI Yuan;ZHOU Wei;ZONG Feifei;LIU Jian;SHEN Guoqing;Rundian Energy Science and Technology Co., Ltd.;Huaneng Qinbei Power Generation Co.Ltd.;China Resources Power Dengfeng Co., Ltd.;China Resources Power Jiaozuo Co., Ltd.;School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University;
The insufficient combustion stability of boilers at low loads is an important reason that limits the flexible operation of coal-fired power units.Increasing the initial temperature of the pulverized coal stream can directly reduce the ignition heat of the pulverized coa stream,which can improve the combustion stability of boilers at low loads.The simulation calculations of a 600 MW coal-fired power uni show that the minimum stable combustion load of the boiler can reduce by about 7% while the initial temperature of pulverized coa stream increases by 100℃.Subjected to the requirements of the safe operation of the mill,the initial temperature of the pulverized coa stream is generally low for the coal-fired power unit using the direct blowing pulverizing system.The existing methods for increasing the temperature of pulverized coal stream include hot air mixing,furnace flue gas mixing,and steam heating.With hot air mixing,the temperature of the pulverized coal stream can be increased to about 200℃，but the concentration of pulverized coal decrease significantly,and the ignition heat of the pulverized coal stream increases.The shade separation of pulverized coal stream is necessary fo combustion stability of boilers.The NO_x concentration increases with hot air mixing.With furnace flue gas mixing,the temperature of the pulverized coal stream can be increased to 200–300℃ and the NO_x concentration decreases.But the concentrations of pulverized coal and O_2 decrease significantly,the cost of high-temperature furnace flue fans is high and the maintenance of high-temperature furnace flue fans is difficult.With steam heating,the temperature of pulverized coal stream increases and the energy efficiency increases.However,the heating effect of low-pressure steam is poor,and it is difficult to manage pressure vessels when high-pressure steam is used.The existing pulverized coal stream heating methods have certain deficiencies and have not been widely used.A novel system for pulverized coal stream heating is proposed,turbine extraction steam is used as the heat source,thermal oil is used as the intermediate heat exchange medium,plate-fin heaters on the pipe are used to heat the pulverized coal stream.By practical application on two coal-fired power units,it is proved that the system can increase the temperature of pulverized coal stream by 60-80℃which increases from 80℃to 140–160℃.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 802K] - ZHONG Jianfeng;ZHAO Haibao;ZHAO Chen;LOU Yigang;FU Wenbin;Zhejiang Feida Environmental Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.;Key Laboratory of Coal-fired Flue Gas Purification Equipment Research of Zhejiang Province;
In the context of the continuous development of digitalization and smart power plant construction, it is necessary to carry out research and application of smart environmental protection technology for coal-fired power plant post-furnace environmental protection equipment. Research and application of smart environmental protection technology have been conducted based on the operation of environmental protection system mechanisms. By analyzing historical data of the system and comparing it with experimental data,predictive and data models have been established. Through unified monitoring, collaborative energy conservation, system warning,implementation of control strategy optimization, load linkage, and one-click start, as well as optimization modules of power supply secondary current and secondary voltage, operation mode optimization, load and outlet dust linkage, coordinated debugging and control of dust removal and desulfurization, and optimized control of electrostatic precipitator and pneumatic ash conveying, intelligent debugging and control of dust removal, ash conveying, and desulfurization by intelligent environmental protection technology have been achieved. The intelligent and digital improvement of the environmental protection system behind the boiler is realized, integrating the Internet, big data and other cutting-edge information technologies to create an intelligent operation technology service platform for the environmental island. This aims to reduce and eventually achieve unattended operation, and realize the innovative operation mode of "environmental protection, automatic energy conservation".
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 728K] - ZHANG Xiaotao;YANG Maoquan;ZHOU Cheng;WANG Aijun;School of Energy and Power Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power;
In order to study the effects of sludge reburning ratio,moisture content,and boiler load on the combustion characteristics o coal-fired boilers,a 600 MW coal-fired boiler was selected as the research object.The boiler burner was modified by adding a reburning zone between the main combustion zone and the burnout zone to investigate the effects of sludge reburning on the boiler temperature field,composition field,and pollutant NO_x emission concentration.The results showed that sludge reburning caused a decrease in the temperature of the main combustion zone of the boiler,but an increase in the flue gas temperature at the furnace outlet,resulting in a decrease in the concentration of pollutant NO_x.As the proportion of sludge reburning increases,the volume fraction of O_2 at the furnace outlet gradually decreases,and the volume fraction of H_2O gradually increases.When the reburning proportion is not higher than 10%,the furnace combustion is stable,and the temperature change trend in the main combustion zone is close;When the reburning ratio reache 15%,sludge reburning has a significant impact on the combustion stability of the furnace,and the CO content in the upper part of the furnace increases significantly;The moisture content of sludge increased from 10% to 35%,and the overall temperature of the furnace decreased by 10–15 K.The volume fraction of O_2 at the furnace outlet did not change much,while the volume fraction of H_2O increased from 8.82% to 11.8%;The NO_x at the outlet of sludge with a moisture content of 10% must be lower than that of sludge with a moisture content of 35%in the combustion condition;When the boiler load is reduced to 70% and 50%,adding sludge for re combustion reduce the NOx mass concentration at the furnace outlet from 424.57 mg/m~3 to 341.75 mg/m~3 and 418.74 mg/m~3 to 354.76 mg/m~3.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 791K] - YANG Li;ZHANG Xiqian;YANG Yuejun;FU Haipeng;DUAN Yun;YANG Pengfei;WANG Kailiang;LIU Xuankun;ZHANG Hai;Huadian Xinjiang Power Generation Co.,Ltd.Urumqi Branch;China Huadian Engineering Co.,Ltd.;Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University;
A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the temperature field and particle motion of a 330 MW quadrangular cut-circle combustion boiler burning Zhundong coal is carried out by using the vertical dense combustion technology, a particle deposition model of the heating surface is established, and the slagging characteristics of the pulverized coal furnace are analyzed under various vertical densedense distribution ratios. The simulation results show that the particle deposition rate predicted by the particle fusion model is slightly lower than that predicted by the particle viscosity model, but in the same order of magnitude,indicating that the particle fusion model is suitable for predicting the slagging characteristics of coal-fired quasi-eastern coal boilers. The vertical concentration ratio of pulverized coal has an important effect on the location of coking in the furnace, and when its value increases,the reduction occurs in the region of the furnace chamber where the temperature is higher than 1 900 K. The screen superheater slagging can be greatly reduced, but the front and rear water-cooled wall slagging increases, which leads to a more uniform distribution of slagging in the furnace.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1016K] - ZHAO Huanlin;CHEN Heng;LI Jinhang;GAO Yue;PAN Peiyuan;School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University;
In order to promote the low-carbon transformation of the power system, reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, rationally plan the ratio of installed capacity between renewable energy and thermal power, reduce system costs, and reduce the occurrence of wind and light abandonment, the cost model of fire, wind, light and water power system is first established. Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II(NSGA-II) was constructed to optimize the installed capacity allocation of the power system with the goal of lowest total system cost and maximum renewable energy generation. The rationality of the model is verified. The results show that the NSGA-II algorithm is reasonable to optimize the ratio allocation of thermal power and new energy capacity. In a northwest region of China, thermal power∶new energy = 1∶1.5. The flexible transformation of thermal power units has a certain improvement in the carrying capacity and absorption capacity of new energy installed capacity, but the long-term effect is limited. Under the current situation,excessive increase in the proportion of installed capacity of new energy will increase the amount of abandoned wind and light and the total system cost, among which, the total system cost will increase more when the installed capacity of wind power is large; Considering the flexible transformation of thermal power units and the addition of energy storage installations, the proportion of thermal power is reduced to 40%.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1092K] - WANG Haowei;ZHANG Xinghui;ZHANG Cong;JIA Xinyu;MENG Jinying;ZHU Hongman;College of Civil Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology;Shanxi Shan'an Blue Sky Energy-saving Technology Co.,Ltd.;Shanxi Installation Group Co.,Ltd.;
The promotion of biomass stoves in rural areas represents a crucial step in the implementation of a rural revitalization strategy and the advancement of clean heating practices in northern rural regions.Nevertheless,household stoves in rural areas continue to encounter challenges,including low combustion temperature and poor combustion stability.In order to address these issues,this study evaluates the impact on combustion from three distinct perspectives:the types of fuel employed,the ratios of primary and secondary air supply,and the excess air coefficients.The study selected three common biomass fuels for analysis:corn,poplar,and rosewood.Four primary to secondary air supply ratios (5∶5,6∶4,7∶3,4∶6) and four excess air coefficients (1,1.1,1.2,1.3) were subjected to experimental testing.The results demonstrated that rosewood exhibited the most optimal combustion temperature and high-temperature duration,thus being designated as the premium fuel.The experiment revealed that when the primary to secondary air supply ratio was6∶4 and the excess air coefficient was 1.2,the fuel combustion temperature was the highest and combustion stability was the most stable.The findings of this study serve as a valuable reference for subsequent optimization of the combustion environment in biomass stoves.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 861K] - SHI Pengfei;KANG Chaobin;FENG Yunpeng;BAI Yuyu;ZHANG Wei;China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co.Ltd.;
With the rapid growth of the installed capacity of new energy, the contradiction between heating and power supply of cogeneration units is becoming increasingly prominent, and the flexible removal of low pressure cylinder transformation has been widely used in cogeneration units, which can effectively improve the heating capacity and peak load capacity of the unit. A 330 MW direct aircooled heating unit is taken as the research object, and the analysis and calculation model of the unit's variable working conditions before and after transformation of the low pressure cylinder based on ultra-low back pressure operation is built by the Ebsilion software. The safety of low pressure cylinder blade under low volume flow condition is studied experimentally. Based on the working diagram, the characteristics of electric heating load, peak load capacity and standard coal consumption of power generation before and after the transformation are analyzed. The results show that: after the removal of the low-pressure cylinder based on ultra-low back pressure operation, the maximum heating capacity of the unit is increased by 80 MW on average; the peak load capacity is increased by 52 MW on average, and the minimum generation standard is reduced by 42 g/kWh on average. The low pressure cylinder cutting technology based on ultra-low back pressure operation effectively solves the problems such as water erosion, flutter and blast of the low pressure cylinder blade,winter antifreeze pressure of air-cooled heating units in the flexible transformation work, and eliminates the hidden danger of the unit. At the same time, the technology has the characteristics of flexible adjustment of low-voltage cylinder output, which not only improves the thermo-electrolytic decoupling ability, but also provides conditions for the unit to participate in the auxiliary service of the power grid.This paper provides a quantitative basis and theoretical support for the application of flexible cutting low-pressure cylinder reconstruction technology based on ultra-low back pressure operation.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 912K] - PENG Zhifu;HAN Lei;ZHOU Fu;PAN Cunhua;MA Qilei;MA Lun;YANG Minrui;FANG Qingyan;East China Electric Power Test and Research Institute, China Datang Corporation Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology;School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology;
In the context of deep peak shaving, existing coal-fired power units often need to operate at low loads. The simulation and onsite experimental research on the combustion and NOx emission characteristics of a 1 000 MW double tangential boiler under low load were conducted. The consistency between simulation and on-site test results is good. The numerical results indicated that under low load,the carbon content of fly ash is the highest under the pagoda-type air distribution mode, while the carbon content in fly ash was the lowest under the shrunk-middle-type and equal-type air distribution modes. However, the difference in NO concentration at the boiler outlet was relatively small under the four air distribution modes. BCD mills combination model had the lowest carbon content in fly ash and the highest NO concentration, while DEF mills combination model had the highest carbon content in fly ash and the lowest NO concentration. When the over-fire air rate was 15% and 20%, the carbon content in fly ash remained around 1.0%; as the over-fire air rate increased to 25%, the carbon content in fly ash increased significantly, 2.5%. NO concentration slightly decreased as increasing over-fire air rate. Meanwhile, field tests shown that the carbon content in fly ash was the lowest under the shrunk-middle-type and equal-type air distribution modes, and the super-heated steam temperature is relatively high. Moreover, the boiler efficiency under equal-type air distribution mode is significantly higher than the other three air distribution modes, about 93.39%. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt ABC mills(or BCD mills) and the equal-type air distribution mode with the over-fire air rate of 20%, which can achieve efficient and low NO_x combustion.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1539K] - QIN Yue;LI Debo;QIN Wu;CHEN Mouwan;CHAI Yongquan;CHEN Jinpan;Department of New Energy,North China Electric Power University;China Southern Grid Power Technology Co.,Ltd.;Guangdong Energy Group Shajiao C power plant;Guangdong Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,National Energy Group;Electric Power Resrarch Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co.,Ltd.;
In order to obtain the wear condition of the superheater pipe of coal-fired boiler with the fly ash erosion and realize the simulation calculation and optimization of the wear model on the superheater pipe, the flue model with full-size and complete superheater pipe with the separation screen is constructed, and the improved relationship between the impact Angle and the wear amount is written into a user-defined function and substituted into AnsysFluent for simulation. The wear distribution and other information of different pipes under different wear conditions are analyzed. The results show that the pipes at the edge of the front and rear walls are in the worst wear area, especially in the back flow area. However, when the particle size of fly ash is too large, the wear rate of the wall surface not directly washed by the flue gas inside the pipeline may decrease due to the influence of turbulence and gravity. The larger the flue gas velocity or mass flow rate, the greater the change of pipe wear rate affected by the particle size.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1507K] - LYU Mingyang;GOU Kaijie;TONG Xi;CHEN Heng;LEI Jing;ZHANG Guoqiang;LIU Wenyi;School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University;
To facilitate the integration of renewable energy and the disposal of waste incineration units while enabling their grid connection, a coordinated optimization scheduling model was proposed for a hybrid wind-solar virtual power plant incorporating waste incineration units. This model takes into consideration the intermittency and uncertainty of renewable energy output, as well as the finite availability of biomass energy. It leverages the flexible regulation capacity of waste incineration units to effectively mitigate the variability of wind and solar power generation. Furthermore, the low-carbon nature of renewable energy sources enhances the economic viability of the system. The optimization and solution of this scheduling model are conducted using Matlab software. The model comprehensively accounts for factors such as waste incineration power generation costs, operational and maintenance costs of wind and photovoltaic(PV)facilities, national subsidy income, and grid security operational constraints. It analyzes the impact of different capacity configurations of generator units within the virtual power plant on the economic performance of the system. Additionally, the model proposes optimized capacity allocation strategies and scheduling schemes. Finally, through simulation calculations, the model determines the optimal configurations for each generator unit and their control strategies. These strategies aim to enhance the overall system efficiency while ensuring the fulfillment of grid load requirements and promoting the integration of wind and solar power.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 811K] - MA Jun;SUN Liping;ZHANG Boran;DAI Chuntian;CHN Energy of Technology & Economics Research Institute;College of Water conservancy & Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University;CHN Energy of Baorixile Energy Co.,Ltd.;
In order to facilitate the coordinated development of pumped storage hydropower(PSH), planing the scale and timing of thermal power retirement, promoting the integration of wind and solar power, ensuring the stable and low-carbon transition of the power system. An exploration into the multifaceted and multilevel comprehensive benefits within the power system transformation is conducted.Taking the power system transformation program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as an example, a power system simulation model is built with detailed consideration of the operational characteristics of PSH and thermal power. The numerical simulation formulated two categories for the Xinjiang power grid(internal demand model and internal demand + external transmission model),corresponding to six transformation scenario models. Each scenario combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and Entropy Weight Method, in order to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for economic and technical aspects. The results indicated that the current scale of PSH are unable meet the future demands of Xinjiang power grid for orderly thermal power decommissioning and high percentage of renewable energy power abandoning rate. The coal consumption would be generated regardless of the capacity of thermal power participating in peak-regulation. In summary, the reasonable demand scale of PSH for the Xinjiang power grid(internal demand only) is between 10 million kW and 15 million kW, and and for the Xinjiang power grid(internal demand + external transmission) is between 15 million kW and 20 million kW in 2030. The research can provide a theoretical support for the construction of a new-type power system,the orderly development of PSH commissioning and thermal power decommissioning, and the integration of wind and solar power.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 825K] - HAN Yuan;ZHU Yujie;LIU Kairui;WANG Chao;WANG Yankai;WANG Limin;CHE Defu;Inner Mongolia Power (Group) Co., Ltd., Inner Mongolia Power Research Institute Branch;School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University;
In the process of building the new type power system, coal-fired power plants need to undertake the task of peak load regulation,and continuous low-load operation has gradually become the norm. The dynamic characteristics of supercritical boilers under full load conditions have been extensively studied, but little research has been done on the dynamic characteristics under low load conditions and the position of the phase transition point of the working fluid. In order to study the dynamic characteristics of the once-through boiler during deep peaking, a dynamic simulation model of supercritical once-through boiler was established in Dymola platform, and the variations of steam temperature, main steam flow rate and the position of the phase change point of the evaporation system were investigated under 50% THA load after the boiler's fuel quantity, feed water flow rate, feed water temperature and total air flow rate were perturbed respectively. The results show that when the fuel quantity, feedwater flow rate, feedwater temperature and total air flow are all step increase 5%, the changes in the main steam temperature are 46.89,-39.03, 19.74 and-6.29 ℃, respectively, and the response time is 2 210, 1 520, 2 180 and 710 s. Maintaining the water-to-coal ratio is still the primary task for ensuring the low load steam temperature stability, and the change of feedwater temperature is not conducive to the stability of steam temperature. The height of the evaporation section gradually increases after the increase of feedwater flow rate and total air flow, the evaporation section gradually shortens after the increase of fuel flow rate, and the evaporation section first lengthens and then shortens after the increase of feedwater temperature. Among them, the effect of fuel flow on the height of evaporation section is the most significant. Under low load conditions, the intermediate point temperature and steam flow of the once-through boiler fluctuations are more intense, which is not conducive to the safe and stable operation of the boiler, and has higher requirements for automatic control.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 937K] - ZHOU Feng;ZHANG Xiufeng;ZHU Wanjin;ZHANG He;SUN Di;XU Xia;ZHAO Tian;TAN Minghui;SUN Ziwen;LI Chaoying;YANG Zhen;LIU Gaofei;CHEN Yingjie;LYU Jianhong;ZONG Yueling;WANG Zhonglei;NIU Zhigang;ZHU Jinghua;QI Jing;National Energy Group Xuzhou Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;Xiangtan Electric and Mechanical City Weite Motor Co.,Ltd.;Jiangsu Fangtian Electric Power Technology Co.,Ltd.;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University;
In thermal power units, the operation efficiency of the cold end system directly affects the economy of the whole unit. Through the optimization of the operation mode of the cold end system, the net power output of the unit can be maximized. Neural network have been introduced into the comprehensive optimization of thermal power unit cold end system, and the cold end optimization strategy is proposed. Taking specific thermal power generation unit as the object, the optimization mode and operation principle of the cold end system are analyzed, and the coupling system consisting of core equipment such as circulating pump, condenser and turbine is established.A power plant example is used to analyze and verify the model, and a neural network is introduced to solve the problem of parameter confirmation of multi-input and multi-output model. The final prediction model is obtained. The results show that the prediction error of the model is less than 1% and the prediction effect is good. Based on this prediction model, genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal circulation pump operation combination, which provides a reference for the optimization of cold end operation of thermal power units.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 903K] - XU Mobei;LI Longhao;WANG Li;GAO Jilu;ZENG Guang;CPI Northeast Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.;SPIC Northeast Electric Power Co.,Ltd.;
Biomass is a new type of high quality fuel with abundant reserves, wide distribution and great potential for development and utilization, and its reasonable and effective utilization has important practical significance for the goal of "carbon neutrality". A large number of scholars have carried out study on the blending of biomass on different types of coal power units, mostly using numerical simulation methods to study the impact of blending biomass on boiler combustion performance or experimental study of the blending of biomass in a single coal mill only at high load, having limited value for promotion and application. It is rare in the industry to conduct study on the key technology of blending biomass with multiple coal mills in a pulverized-coal boiler of the supercritical coal power unit. In view of the actual situation of coal power units in China operating under deep peak shaving conditions for a long time, in order to realize large-scale blending and utilization of biomass in supercritical coal power units, the characteristics of different biomass fuels were compared through proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, and the type of biomass particles for blending was determined as straw particles. Then, industrial experiment study was carried out in a 600 MW supercritical lignite unit. When the boiler operated under medium and low load condition, biomass particles were blended with multiple coal mills in the whole furnace to analyze the combustion characteristics, operation safety and stability and pollutant emission characteristics of the unit under different blending ratios. Then, the output performance of a single coal mill with a blending ratio of 10% biomass particles during the low-load experiment of boiler was studied. The results show that under the deep peak shaving, the combustion performance of the supercritical lignite unit was stable when the blending ratio of the boiler was less than 10%, and there were no safety problems affecting the operation of the unit such as coking in the furnace and large accumulation of oxide in the tube, and the pollutant emissions within the standard. In the experimental process with a blending ratio of 10% biomass particles in a single coal mill, the current and pressure difference of inlet and outlet of the coal mill increased obviously, and the phenomenon of grinding blockage occured. The safety blending ratio of 7% biomass particles in a single coal mill was determined when the boiler was running at low load. The study results have made a theoretical foundation and design criteria for the large-scale application of biomass blending in supercritical coal power units under the background of deep peak shaving.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1161K] - MAO Yu;WEI Geng;LI Jiaye;ZHANG Min;XIE Yong;LI Jie;LI Zhenshan;Clean Combustion and Flue Gas Purification Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province;Dongfang Electric group Dongfang Boiler Co.Ltd.;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University;
The cement industry belongs to the traditional high energy consumption and high pollution industry. In 2022, the energy saving and consumption reduction of the cement industry began to accelerate. An oxy-fuel combustion test device for cement kilns is introduced,and the effect of oxy-fuel combustion technology on energy saving and consumption reduction in the cement industry is analyzed through experimental research and numerical simulation. The results show that oxy-fuel combustion in cement kilns is feasible: the combustible content in fly ash is lower than that in air combustion, and the optimal oxygen concentration range is 27%–30%. To maintain the flame shape and length, the primary air flow rates are kept consistent with those in air combustion during oxy-fuel combustion, with only the oxygen concentration changed. Reasonable partial oxy-fuel combustion in cement kilns can reduce exhaust gas heat loss, facilitating the cement industry's efficient and low-carbon transformation of the cement production process.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1530K] - LI Bin;DAI Shaojun;WU Tianhong;LI Xiang;CHEN Wanchang;YANG Kai;YAO Qinwen;PAN Jianxin;XIAO Qingtai;School of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology;China Energy Engineering Group Yunnan Thermal Power Construction Co., Ltd.;Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University;
Large-capacity supercritical and ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boilers are the mainstream of today's circulating fluidized bed combustion technology development, but the refractory wall of large-capacity circulating fluidized bed boilers lacks a fast and accurate crack measurement method with automated and intelligent inspection means. To address this problem, convolutional neural network and support vector machine are used to classify the images of cracked and uncracked wall to realize the intelligent identification of cracks,and at the same time, a soft measurement model of cracks is established to validate the accuracy and reliability of the digital image processing technology to measure the width and length of cracks, and then an example analysis is carried out to validate the images of cracks of the furnace wall inside the circulating fluidized bed boiler. The results show that under the condition of large amount of image data, the classification performance of convolutional neural network is better than that of support vector machine, and the accuracy rate reaches more than 90%; the measurement accuracy of digital image processing technology for cracks of different widths and shapes is different, and the digital image processing technology has the highest accuracy when the width of the crack is about 2 mm, and the digital image processing technology can recognize and measure the width of the crack efficiently. The actual crack width and length deviation is small, and the digital image processing technology can be adapted to the needs of use in the actual environment.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 951K] - YIN Xiao;FU Kangkang;LI Xuhui;QIU Binbin;Nanning Power Generation Co.,Ltd.,CHN Energy;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi'an Jiao Tong University;
In order to explore a reasonable optimization method for the resistance of flue gas pipes, the flue gas pipes before and after the induced draft fan of a 660 MW unit of a power plant in Guangxi were studied to study the resistance characteristics and structure optimization of pipelines. The standard k-ε model is used to analyze the fluid dynamics of the flue gas pipes before and after the induced draft fan, and the resistance characteristics are studied and the optimization scheme is proposed. The results show that the three optimized flue structures proposed can improve the flow field and reduce the flue resistance, and one scheme using the deflector to optimize the flue resistance increases, in which the flue gas flow resistance of the inlet flue can be reduced by up to 123 Pa, accounting for about 75% of the original resistance, and the flue gas flow resistance of the outlet flue of the induced draft fan can be reduced by up to 242.4 Pa, accounting for about 54% of the original resistance.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1483K] - LENG Linnuo;CHENG Xingxing;YANG Xiaoqin;ZHANG Shupei;School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University;Xinjiang Yihua Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.;
As a core component of China's energy structure, coal has long played an irreplaceable role in many fields such as power production, industrial heating and residential life, among which coal-fired boilers are the key equipment for coal utilization, and their performance and efficiency directly affect the effective use of energy and the effectiveness of environmental protection. With the promotion of the global goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", boiler technology continues to innovate and develop, and the system structure becomes more and more complex, making it more susceptible to various factors such as fuel quality, air supply, furnace design,and operating condition adjustment during operation, which in turn leads to the problem of combustion instability. Unstable combustion will not only lead to a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the boiler and an increase in energy consumption, but also may lead to safety accidents and pose a threat to personal safety and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the instability of boiler combustion in time and take targeted solutions. In order to comprehensively understand the research status and development trend of combustion stability discrimination methods and promote the safe and efficient operation of boiler systems, this paper deeply analyzes the basic principles of combustion instability, including the definition of combustion stability, the factors affecting combustion stability, and the discrimination indicators of combustion stability. The combustion stability discrimination method based on index identification can intuitively reflect the combustion stability status by analyzing the characteristics of specific physical signals. Combined with artificial intelligence technology, the method of judging combustion stability has the advantages of high accuracy, strong real-time and strong adaptability, and through the training of neural networks and other models, the complex laws in the combustion process are automatically learned from a large amount of data, so as to realize intelligent combustion stability discrimination and prediction. The numerical simulation method for determining combustion stability has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and good repeatability, and the mathematical model and simulation platform of the combustion process are constructed to simulate the combustion process under different working conditions, and the influencing factors and changes of combustion stability are analyzed.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 740K] - DU Changzong;ZHANG Jiashuo;ZHANG Yaning;MA Zhao;BAI Yunbo;XIA Zhiwen;KUANG Jianping;Ningxia Shenyao Technology Co.,Ltd.;Ning Xia University;
The cold flow gasification technology of dry pulverized coal flow bed is widely used. The gasifier in this process is prone to inaccurate liquid level measurement in the quench chamber, resulting in poor washing effect, ash carryover of syn-gas, and wear of downstream equipment and pipelines. Previous studies on the downcomer and riser structure of the quench chamber mostly focused on the adjustment of process operating parameters after on-site blockage, but few studies were conducted on the flow field simulation and the characteristics of bubble nucleation, aggregation and breakage of this structure. Therefore, in view of the problems such as large liquid level fluctuation and difficult liquid level control of the quench chamber of an industrial gasifier, the structure of the quench chamber was planned to be transformed and 3D CFD simulation was carried out. Based on the Euler+multi fluid VOF model and PBM group balance model, the washing situation of crude syn-gas in the water bath at the bottom of the quench chamber through the downcomer at 100%load was discussed under three different diameters combined structures of downcomer and riser, and The distributions of velocity, gas holdup, turbulent kinetic energy, bubble diameter were compared under three different structures to confirm the best bubble breaking and washing effect. The results show that the gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns under all three structures belong to ideal annular gap flow, and the gas-liquid flows stably in parallel in the annular gaps of the downcomer and riser. The structure with 100 mm diameter expansion of the downcomer has the largest impinging depth, greater turbulence energy in the annular gap, and more complete gas-liquid two-phase contact. And the average diameter of the bubbles measured on each key path of the flow field is smaller, and the diameter distribution is more uniform along the path, indicating that the structure has less liquid level disturbance, less water carried by the syn-gas, and better washing effect. The study can provide theoretical reference for the future transformation direction of similar structures.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 950K] - LUO Yong;MA Daoyang;CHENG Liehai;HOU Zhen;HU Zhongfa;WANG Xuebin;Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co.,Ltd.;School of Energy and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;College of Energy,Soochow University;
A 1 000 MW ultra-supercritical once-through boiler burning high-sodium, low-melting-point Indonesian coal has experienced severe slagging and fouling, particularly in the low-temperature superheater and reheater regions. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for these issues, this study conducted a detailed physical and chemical analysis of slagging and fouling samples collected from the furnace, platen superheater, high-temperature reheater, and low-temperature superheater and reheater areas. The results suggest that one of the primary causes of severe slagging and corrosion when burning Indonesian coal with a low ash fusion temperature is its relatively low ash melting point. At high furnace temperatures, the ash becomes molten and adheres to the screen tubes, forming small but hard slagging layers. This phenomenon is mainly observed in the furnace and platen superheater areas, where slagging, although not severe,causes significant deterioration in heat transfer. Another contributing factor is the presence of alkali metals in the coal ash, which mostly exist as low-melting-point sulfates. These sulfates vaporize easily in the high-temperature furnace environment and subsequently condense onto heat exchange surfaces, forming a highly adhesive fouling layer. This layer then captures fly ash particles, leading to slag formation.This issue is most prominent in the low-temperature reheater and superheater areas. By analyzing the slagging and fouling mechanisms in various heat exchange regions, this study provides valuable insights and recommendations for the future utilization in ultra-supercritical once-through boilers.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1109K] - MA Nan;YANG Hualei;LIU Yunfei;TIAN Le;GUO Hengming;ZUO Zongliang;Henan Jiuyu Enpai Power Technology Co.,Ltd.;Baishuo Human Resources Co.,Ltd.;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology;
To address the issue of dynamic power regulation in doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) wind power systems under frequency fluctuation conditions, a dynamic power tracking and vector control strategy based on dual PWM converters is proposed. Using a classic dual PWM converter topology and vector control method, a simulation model was constructed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Through maximum power point tracking(MPPT) algorithms and virtual inertia response strategies, fast response to system frequency fluctuations is achieved. Simulation results demonstrate that the DFIG system can effectively adjust rotor current and electromagnetic torque under sudden load changes and varying wind speeds, thereby providing frequency support to the system. In the MPPT+df/dt control mode, frequency drop under sudden load increase is reduced by 32.7%, while frequency peak during sudden load decrease is reduced by 30.3%. The study shows that this control strategy significantly improves the DFIG system's frequency response capability and grid stability, verifying the effectiveness of virtual inertia control in frequency support.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1663K] - YAN Tao;YUAN Weizhong;ZHOU Dongyang;ZHENG Xiaogang;Huaneng Wuhan Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;Xi'an Thermalpower research institute Co.,Ltd.;
To investigate the dynamic characteristics of a supercritical coal-fired power unit under different peak shaving conditions during high-pressure heater(HPH) bypassing, a dynamic model of a 600 MW supercritical reheating unit was established based on the Dymola platform. The model was validated against field test data to ensure accuracy. The dynamic behaviors of boiler-side and turbineside components were analyzed under various peak shaving scenarios after bypassing the HPH. The results indicate that bypassing the HPH leads to a maximum load increase of 34.18 MW under normal operating conditions. As the operating load decreases, the load increment also diminishes, measuring 23.66, 17.78, and 13.98 MW at progressively lower load conditions. The duration of load increase grows longer with decreasing load, extending to 450, 600, 800, and 1 100 s, respectively. After bypassing the HPH, the feedwater flow initially decreases and then rises, while the main steam flow decreases with a delayed response. The maximum reduction in main steam flow under different load conditions is 15.28, 9.24, 5.82, and 4.15 kg/s, respectively. The reheated steam flow first increases, then decreases,and finally rises again. In terms of temperature, the main steam temperature first increases and then decreases, while the reheated steam and feedwater temperatures drop. The response time for steam and water flow as well as temperature increases with decreasing load.Additionally, the wall temperature of the water-cooled wall gradually declines as the load decreases. The highest wall temperature occurs at the top of the spiral water-cooled wall. However, at the initial stage of HPH bypassing, the water-cooled wall temperature experiences a brief rise, with the maximum increase of 6.25 °C observed at 50% THA(Turbine Heat Acceptance). This temperature rise lasts the longest,up to 500 s.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1044K] - PAN Tongyang;Datang Northeast Electric Power Test & Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;
The wind curtailment absorption capacity of the low-pressure cylinder zero-output coupled bypass wind curtailment absorption scheme is further enhanced. The article employs commercial software to establish a unit variable operating condition calculation model and analyzes the wind curtailment absorption capacity after the coupling of the two technical schemes. The analysis results indicate that the increase in the capacities of high and low bypasses leads to a reduction in the unit's minimum power generation load, and the wind curtailment capacity, heating capacity, and peak shaving capacity ratio all increase. The thermal efficiency of the unit gradually rises with the increase in the superheated steam flow of the boiler, but the upward trend gradually slows down; the power generation coal consumption rate gradually decreases and the downward trend also gradually slows down. Additionally, as the peak shaving depth increases, the coal consumption of the unit significantly increases, and its increase is roughly equivalent to that in the extractioncondensing condition.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 717K] - GUO Linlin;LIU Gang;FU Zhenchun;LIU Lei;PAN Tongyang;Datang Binzhou Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;Datang Northeast Electric Power Test & Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;
There is a strong coupling between the steam turbine body and the regenerative system, which makes it extremely difficult to calculate the due value of economic operation indicators of steam turbines online. This paper further analyzes the problems existing in the existing mathematical model for establishing the due value of steam turbine economic operation indicators by using the generalized linear regression method. The paper discusses the method of establishing the due value model of steam turbine operation economic indicators by using RBF network, and compares it with the conventional linear regression and nonlinear regression linear models. The results show that the RBF network model has a fast convergence speed and small error, providing an accurate and simple method for evaluating the economic performance of steam turbine operation.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 692K] - WANG Chang'an;LIU Jiamiao;ZHAO Pengbo;CHANG Liujun;LIU Shien;MA Guowei;CHE Defu;State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;Xi'an TPRI Boiler &Environmental Protection Engineering Co.,Ltd.;
In the context of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", coal-fired fluidized bed boilers coupled with biomass combustion technology have emerged as a key strategy to promote the low-carbon transformation of coal power, attracting widespread attention. This paper presents an overview of the current status and research progress of coal-fired fluidized bed boilers coupled with biomass combustion technology for power generation, summarizes challenges such as biomass pretreatment, precise measurement, ash accumulation, slagging,corrosion, and pollutant emissions during co-combustion, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. It focuses on the research progress of numerical simulation of coal-fired fluidized bed boiler coupled biomass combustion, systematically summarizing the application of mathematical models and numerical simulation research methods. In the numerical simulation research of biomass cocombustion with coal in fluidized bed boilers, the analysis and calculation of gas-solid two-phase flow are crucial. The two primary models used to analyze gas-solid two-phase flow are the Euler-Euler model and the Euler-Lagrange model. The methods of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method, Multiphase Particle-in-Cell, and Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics are all based on these two models. Systematic Simulation, on the other hand, relies on general process simulation software to emphasize on the comprehensive analysis of the system. The current numerical simulation research on the coal-fired fluidized bed boiler coupled with biomass combustion is still immature. In an effort to perform an accurate and efficient numerical simulation study, more research needs to be further explored in terms of reasonable simplification of the geometric model, selection of suitable mathematical models and numerical simulation research methods,and optimization and improvement of the simulation method.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 666K] - ZHANG Yong;CUI Liming;ZHAO Xiuliang;HAO Jinyang;NIU Tao;LIU Pengfei;WANG Xilun;ZHANG Wenzhen;HONG Dikun;China Energy Investment Corporation;China Shenhua Energy Co.Ltd.;Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co.,Ltd.;Department of Power Engineering,North China Electric Power University;
In order to achieve carbon reduction and reduce the use of coal resources,the co-firing of coal and ammonia has received widespread attention.The competitive characteristics of coal/ammonia co-combustion kinetics under different temperature,oxygen equivalence ratio,and ammonia blending ratio conditions were studied using reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) method.The results showed that coal and NH_3 will compete for O_2,and NH_3 has an advantage in the competition,making the reaction 4NH_3+3O_2→2N_2+6H_2O transform to 4NH_3+5O_2→4NO+6H_2O,resulting in higher NO emissions.Raising the temperature can reduce the generation of unburned carbon in coal/ammonia co-combustion,promote the homogeneous reduction reaction of NO,and reduce the generation of NO.Reducing the oxygen equivalence ratio can reduce the generation of NO,but it will lead to an increase in unburned carbon generation.Therefore,air staged combustion is important for coal/NH_3 co-combustion.When the NH_3 co-firing ratio is below40%,NO emissions increase with the increase of NH_3 co-firing ratio.When the NH_3 co-firing ratio is above 40%,NO emissions decrease with the increase of NH_3 co-firing ratio due to the enhanced homogeneous reduction reaction of NO.The competitive effect o coal/ammonia co-combustion kinetics has little effect on the activation energy of coal combustion,but there is a synergistic effect in coal/ammonia co-combustion,which significantly reduces the activation energy of ammonia combustion.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 786K] - ZHOU Fu;XIAO Yi;PENG Zhifu;ZHANG Yufei;WANG Jingliang;ZHANG Ke;PAN Cunhua;MA Lun;MA Qilei;FANG Qingyan;East China Electric Pouer Test & Research institute, China Datang Corporation Science and Technology Ceneral Research Institute Co., Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology;National Energy Group Zhejiang Ninghai Power Generation Co., Ltd.;School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology;
Co-firing of coal boilers with biomass constitutes one of the efficacious approaches for reducing carbon emissions. The biomass particles are large and irregularly non-spherical, exhibiting gas-solid two-phase kinetic characteristics conspicuously different from those of spherical particles, which will exert an influence on their combustion process. The majority of the extant numerical simulation studies regarding coal boilers and biomass co-firing are deficient in discussions in this respect. Therefore, a non-spherical drag model is adopted to account for the influence of the irregular non-spherical characteristics of large biomass particles via the shape factor. A numerical simulation study is conducted on the co-firing of a 660MW hedging boiler and straw biomass, and the disparities with the spherical drag model are compared. The results indicate that:(1)Compared with the spherical drag model, the non-spherical drag model is more accurate and rational in calculating the carbon content of fly ash, the trajectory of biomass particles, and the combustion process. The relative error of the carbon content of fly ash is merely 4.24%, and the calculation results of the non-spherical drag model under diverse loads are more in line with the experimental values.(2)In contrast to the spherical drag model, the non-spherical drag model elevates the drag coefficient of biomass particles, and the velocity of the particles in the heating stage diminishes. At the same displacement, it achieves more thorough mixing with air and attains a higher temperature, with the ignition area being advanced. The biomass char undergoes more complete and rapid combustion, enhancing the simulation accuracy of the biomass burnout rate and the carbon content of fly ash.(3)The burnout time of biomass particles escalates with the increase in particle size. When the equivalent particle size of the particles exceeds 3 mm, even if the shape factor is corrected, the accuracy will be significantly reduced, and it fails to accurately simulate the actual situation of real co-fired biomass.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1899K] - REN Ziming;LI Wentao;ZHANG Xingyue;CHN ENERGY Investment Group Co.,Ltd.;North China Electric Power University;
In a flexible power generation environment,boilers in coal power plants are often operated at low loads,exacerbating the air preheater clogging condition. The differential pressure between the inlet and outlet of the flue gas side of the air preheater is an important indicator for the evaluation of air preheater clogging. By analysing the historical operation data of DCS of a 660MW coal-fired unit,the hierarchical analysis method(AHP) and the method of approximating ideal solution ranking(TOPSIS) are used to comprehensively evaluate the degree of air preheater clogging. The study shows that the degree of air preheater clogging is closely related to the unit load,the probability of ammonium bisulfate generation increases under high load,and the tendency of ash accumulation in the air preheater is particularly serious when the Radian number distribution representing ammonium bisulfate deposition is above 10,000,accounting for about 30.3% of the total. After the unit was shut down for maintenance operation,the Radian number of more than 5 000 basically did not occur under low and medium load conditions. The degree of clogging improved significantly after maintenance. Comprehensive evaluation shows that the clogging of the air preheater after maintenance has been improved,but the degree of clogging still shows a slow rising trend over time,and measures such as regular ash cleaning and adjustment of operating parameters need to be taken to control the generation of ammonium bisulfate. This model can effectively evaluate the clogging status of the air preheater.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 602K] - HE Wenhao;HAN Zhigang;CAI Jin;LI Yunmei;YANG Xingyu;WU Xiaoyang;CHEN Lin;School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University;Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy, Tsinghua University;Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University;
Zhundong coal, characterized by its abundant reserves and superior quality, serves as a crucial thermal coal of significant strategic value to our country. The high alkali metal content in Zhundong coal renders it susceptible to ash deposition, fouling, and slagging during combustion,thereby leading to effects on boiler safety and economic operation. The circulating fluidized bed boiler's low combustion temperature and high adaptability to various coal types give it a natural advantage in burning Zhundong coal,and it has become a pivotal technology for the clean and efficient utilization of Zhundong coal. Incorporating literature and practical engineering investigations,analyzes and summarizes the typical characteristics of Zhundong coal and fouling and slagging characteristics,co-firing material applications, and full burn application in circulating fluidized bed boiler. In general, the circulating fluidized bed boiler demonstrates excellent adaptability to Zhundong coal's low ash content,medium to high/high moisture content,medium to high volatile matter content,medium to high heating value,and the characteristics of coal ash with high alkali metal and alkaline earth metal content.Operational circulating fluidized bed boiler can achieve a blending ratio of up to 85% with Zhundong coal. Waste materials such as coal gangue,gasification slag,and bottom ash,which cannot be utilized by pulverized coal boiler,can serve as cost-effective cofiring material in circulating fluidized bed boiler. Through optimization design and other measures,circulating fluidized bed boilers can achieve more than 90% blending ratios or even pure combustion of Zhundong coal.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 798K] - DING Yuchen;WANG Junjie;CAI Jun;ZHU Zhiping;State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Coal Clean Efficient Combustion and Gasification;
Preheating combustion technology is an efficient and clean combustion technique that involves modifying the fuel before combustion. Applying this technology to the combustion in a rotary kiln helps to reduce the fuel consumption per unit product and offers advantages such as wide fuel adaptability and low NOx emissions. Compared with coal powder, the combustion characteristics of preheated fuel are significantly different,making the design parameters of traditional coal powder burners unsuitable for high-temperature preheated fuel. Therefore,systematic research is needed for the design of rotary kiln burners for high-temperature preheated fuel,where the swirl number is a key parameter in the design of the burner and has a significant impact on flame characteristics. Fluent software is used to compare the specific differences between preheated fuel combustion and conventional coal powder combustion, simulate the combustion process of preheated fuel in the rotary kiln under different swirl numbers, and explore the impact of the swirl number on flow characteristics, temperature distribution, component distribution, and NOx distribution. The results show that compared with traditional coal powder combustion,the combustion rate of high-temperature preheated fuel is fast,the flame is compact,the high-temperature area is concentrated,and the NOx content in the emitted flue gas is significantly reduced. Increasing the swirl number has a significant effect on improving the combustion performance of preheated fuel. With the increase of the swirl number,a central recirculation zone appears in the burner outlet area,and the recirculation effect gradually strengthens; the flame shape gradually becomes thicker and shorter,and when it exceeds a certain limit,the flame begins to diverge.When the swirl number is within a certain range,the CO concentration and NOx concentration in the flue gas gradually decrease as the cyclone number increases. Based on a comprehensive consideration of flame length and width,pollutant emissions,and other characteristics,for the structure studied in this paper,the combustion performance is best when the swirl number is between 0.3 and 0.8 under the condition of a certain axial momentum.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1699K] - YAN Hongyong;YAN Jingwen;YANG Zhiqiang;LIU Xin;ZHANG Wenzhen;JIN Donghao;WANG Heyang;GD Power Development Co.,Ltd.;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University;Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co.,Ltd.;
Overheating and the resultant tube failures of boiler high temperature heating surfaces such as platen superheater is one of the sore major problems affecting safe operation of coal-fired power generating units. Accurate prediction of metal tube temperature distribution improves operation safety and reduces the risk of tube-overheating. Due to the limitation of measurement method and the huge time cost of numerical method, artificial neural network was used to predict the tube temperature distribution. However, the traditional artificial neural network methods lack interpretability and overly rely on training samples,leading to poor generalization ability under insufficient data scenarios. Therefore,this paper proposed a novel KEE-PINN(Knowledge Extraction and Embedding – Physical Informed Neural Network) method for platen superheater tube temperature distribution,which integrates the data mining algorithms with physical informed neural networks. Firstly,in order to find out the boiler operating parameters that affect the tube temperature distribution of the platen superheater,a data mining model based on association rules was established to analyze the historical operating data of boiler. And,a CFD typical operating condition database was established based on the obtained association rules. Subsequently,a deconvolution neural network that uses the boiler operating parameters as the input and the platen superheater tube distribution as the output was constructed. And,the monotonic relationships obtained by the data-mining model were embedded into the deconvolution neural network model, prompting the model to obey the mechanisms and effectively inhibiting the overfitting or underfitting issues.Taking platen superheater of a 600 MW super-critical wall-fired boiler, the results shows that the KEE-PINN model can maintains adherence to the verified monotonic physical relationship between parameters even in unknown operating conditions,and can realize the real-time prediction of tube temperature distribution. The MSE error of PINN model is only 0.023. Both the accuracy and the response speed of the model meet the demand of coal-fired plants for real-time monitoring of tube temperature distribution. In addition,the model adopts the confidence of the association rules as the weights of physical loss terms,instead of obtaining it from adaptive algorithms due to the lack of physical interpretation. This makes the weights of physical loss highly interpretable and statistically dependent,and solves the drawback of not being able to balance each physical loss term in traditional PINN models.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1024K] - ZHANG Ning;SUN Jianjing;ZONG Jinye;LIU Jiaoxing;YANG Min;HUANG Jianlin;LIU Xiaoyong;Shenzhen-Shanwei special cooperation zone China Resources Power Co.,Ltd.;
In a 1 000 MW ultra-supercritical reverse double tangential circular combustion boiler produced by a boiler factory,due to the large deviation of primary air powder,the water wall tube No. 313 in front of the furnace was seriously overheated during the load lifting process. By repeatedly adjusting the adjustable shrinkage hole of the powder delivery pipeline and adding online measurement, the primary air powder is adjusted to level the average speed of the primary air powder before adjustment exceeds the design value by 3%,the maximum primary wind speed deviation reaches 19.1%,and the concentration deviation of pulverized coal at each corner reaches 46.3%.After adjustment,the primary wind speed and powder quantity deviation are reduced to 6.9% and 25.1% respectively,and the wind speed is reduced by 3% on average. Under the condition that the boiler load rate and operation mode are basically the same after the air powder leveling and the air powder velocity lowering,the overtemperature statistic time and the overtemperature statistic times of the water wall tube No. 313 in front of the furnace are reduced by nearly 78% and 74% respectively. The maximum amplitude of the overlimit was reduced from 571.7 ℃ to 486.3 ℃,reducing by nearly 85.4 ℃,and the overtemperature phenomenon of the water cooling wall was sharply reduced,effectively improving the safety and flexibility of the unit. The results can provide guidance for the operation adjustment of boilers of the same type.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 565K] - CUI Mingshuo;CHEN Xinke;GUO Ruojin;TAN Peng;ZHANG Cheng;FANG Qingyan;CHEN Gang;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;
The high sodium content in Zhundong coal leads to serious fouling and slagging on the heating surface of the boiler during combustion.Adding kaolin to the combustion process of Zhundong coal and reducing the alkali metal concentration through its reaction with alkali metal vapors in the flue gas is an effective method to attenuate the problem of fouling and slagging. A 600 MW opposed-fired boiler is focused on, and a mathematical model is established for the processes of sodium release from coal during combustion, the gasphase reaction of sodium, the reactions of sodium with kaolin, and the condensation of NaCl vapor on heated surfaces. A numerical simulation was conducted on the combustion of Zhundong coal under varying proportions and methods of kaolin addition.The results indicate that within the range of 0% to 3% kaolin addition,both the concentration of NaCl vapor in the flue gas and the condensation rate of NaCl vapor on the heated surfaces significantly decrease with increasing kaolin proportions.However,when the kaolin addition exceeds 3%,the reduction in NaCl concentration and condensation rate begins to stabilize. Furthermore,changing the add method of kaolin addition from the lower burners to all burners results in an additional reduction in both the NaCl concentration and the condensation rate of NaCl vapor on the heated surfaces.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3375K] - LI Jun;ZHENG Wei;SUN Daohua;YANG Jian;Chengdu Rasie Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.;
Utilizing surplus electricity from renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power to produce green hydrogen through large-scale water electrolysis,and further synthesizing green ammonia using green hydrogen as zero carbon fuel for cofiring power generation in coal-fired boilers,this technological route is very feasible. It can effectively solve the problem of renewable energy power consumption and help the clean and low-carbon transformation and upgrading of the coal-fired power industry. The technology route for green ammonia synthesis and ammonia co-firing combustion power generation in coal-fired boilers is introduced in detail. Currently,major power generation groups in China are vigorously carrying out the project approval and construction of green ammonia co-firing demonstration projects. A summary of the current development status of green hydrogen production from renewable energy and green ammonia synthesis technology from green hydrogen is provided. PEM electrolysis hydrogen production technology and Haber-Bosch synthetic ammonia technology are the mainstream technologies that can be commercially applied. This paper discusses the progress of ammonia co-firing combustion technology research and industrial application experiments for coal-fired boilers at home and abroad, and focuses on the literature review of NOx generation mechanism and the influence of coal type, ammonia co-firing ratio,combustion air rate, ammonia injection position, temperature, air classification and other factors on NOx emissions. The effects of ammonia co-firing combustion on the flue gas volume and composition,SO2 and SO3 emission concentrations,and acid dew point are analyzed based on engineering cases. The research results show that ammonia co-firing combustion in coal-fired boilers will significantly change the flue gas volume and composition. As the proportion of green ammonia co-firing gradually increases from 0% to 50%,the wet flue gas volume and exhaust humidity gradually increase,while the dry flue gas volume and the outlet flue gas SO2 and SO3 emission concentrations gradually decrease. The acid dew point temperature calculated using the three commonly used acid dew point calculation formulas first slightly increases and then slowly decreases,and the overall change in acid dew point temperature is not significant. This indicates that ammonia co-firing combustion in coal-fired boilers has little effect on the acid dew point of flue gas.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 828K] - ZHU Jianguo;TIAN Jilin;SUN Yunkai;LIU Jingzhang;LYU Qinggang;School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal Flexible Combustion and Thermal Conversion, Datong Institute of Coal Clean and Efficient Utilization;
Based on the principle of preheating combustion,the 90 t/h preheating combustion boiler for pulverized coal was designed and developed,as well as the experiment and performance test for this boiler with a high efficient combustion and low NO_x emissions were carried out.The results show that with the load ranging from 30% to 100%,the thermal efficiency of the boiler is higher than 92% and the NO_x emission is lower than 200 mg/m~3,realizing high efficient and clean combustion under wide load conditions.As the boiler load decreases,the NO_x emission also drops,showing a good linear relationship.When the boiler load is 30%,the NO_x emission is only78 mg/m~3 also with the combustion efficiency of 97.91%,breaking through some technical bottleneck in difficult stable combustion and high NO_x emission under the condition of low load for conventional pulverized coal boiler.With the boiler load being 50%,the thermal efficiency reaches 93.9%,which is related to fuel preheating,preheated fuel combustion and burnout time.The two preheaters show a stable operation with the preheating temperature keeping 800～950℃,ensuring continuous and stable combustion of preheated fuel with wide load ranges.By adjusting air distribution,the mild combustion and ultra-low NO_x emission was achieved,with the NO_x emission of47.89 mg/m~3 when the boiler load is 70%.The successful demonstration project of 90 t/h pulverized coal preheating combustion boiler provides important support for the development and application of pulverized coal preheating combustion technology.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 939K] - ZHANG Xiaotao;LI Kexin;LI Shuhao;WANG Aijun;School of Energy and Power Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power;
To improve the energy utilization efficiency of biomass, a combined power generation system model consisting of biomass gasification coupled with a solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) and a micro gas turbine was established, and the rationality of the model was verified. Pinewood was selected as the fuel, and the variation patterns of system output power and power generation efficiency were studied as the air-fuel ratio and moisture content in biomass gasification were altered. Additionally, the impact of the operating temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell on the system was analyzed. The results showed that as the air-fuel ratio of biomass gasification increased, the gasification efficiency, output power, and system efficiency of the coupled power generation system all reached an optimal value. When the moisture content of the pinewood was 6.25%, the system's maximum output power reached 97.74 kW, and the power generation efficiency was 34.3%. Under these conditions, as the operating temperature of the fuel cell was adjusted, the power generation efficiency of the system first increased and then slowly decreased. The system achieved its maximum power generation efficiency of 37.8% when the temperature rose to 1 200 °C. Under the same mass flow rate of biomass input into the gasifier, different biomass moisture contents corresponded to a maximum system output power and efficiency. As the moisture content increased, the system output power decreased,but the power generation efficiency increased. At a moisture content of 20%, the maximum output power and system efficiency were 96.57kW and 40.71%, respectively.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1394K] - HUANG Zhijun;WANG Yuxing;WANG Weiqun;ZHU Jiewen;DUAN Yuanqiang;DUAN Lunbo;Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co.Ltd;Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control,Ministry of Education,School of Energy and Environment,Southeast University;
NO_x mass concentration prediction and ammonia injection optimization are of great significance for SCR system and unit operation.In order to overcome the problem of different time delays and mutual coupling among various operating variables of the SCR system,a model for the prediction of NO_x mass concentration and optimization of ammonia injection volume considering time delays is proposed.Firstly,the delay time between variables is determined according to the maximum mutual information coefficient between variables,and the data set is reconstructed.The optimal input variable set is determined based on the mean influence value method.And then the neural network prediction model of NO_x mass concentration for SCR system outlet is established.Finally,the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the ammonia injection amount of the SCR system at the outlet,so as to reduce the ammonia escape amount at the outlet as much as possible under the premise of avoiding NO_x exceeding the standard.The test results based on the actual operation data of the power plant show that the proposed model can better predict the outlet NO_x mass concentration.Considering the time delay of each variable can improve the prediction accuracy of SCR system.The mean influence value method for feature processing can greatly reduce the training time,and has little impact on the accuracy of the model;Particle swarm optimization can be used to guide the adjustment of ammonia injection amount and avoid the outlet NO_x mass concentration exceeding the standard.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1552K] - LIU Pengyu;LI Debo;LIU Yanfeng;CHEN Zhihao;ZHOU Jielian;CHENG Mingtao;LIAO Hongkai;FENG Yongxin;China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.;China Southern Grid Power Technology Co.,Ltd.;
In order to solve the phenomenon of large-area burning of OPCC swirl burner in engineering practice, based on the commercial computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, carried out the numerical simulation of two flow combustion characteristics on OPCC swirl burner. The control variable method is used to study the thermal combustion characteristics under variable central air, primary air,internal and external secondary air speeds, the results show that: The central wind speed has a negative correlation with the ignition point of pulverized coal. A lower central wind speed is easy to cause burning loss accidents at the burner nozzle, a higher central wind will shorten the axial length of the high-temperature combustion zone, which is not conducive to the full combustion of pulverized coal; Low primary air velocity is also easy to cause burner nozzle burning loss, while high primary air velocity will delay combustion in the furnace and increase the probability of inducing high-temperature corrosion; The probability of inducing high-temperature corrosion will be increased by using the internal secondary air velocity lower than the primary air velocity or too high. The internal secondary air velocity lower than the primary air velocity cannot gather the high-temperature combustion zone together, which is not conducive to the full combustion of pulverized coal. However, the higher internal secondary air velocity leads to the decrease of turbulence in the hightemperature combustion zone, which is also not conducive to the full combustion of pulverized coal; The use of external secondary air velocity lower than the primary air will cause burning loss of burner nozzle, ash slagging on heating area and high-temperature corrosion,which will seriously endanger the safe operation of boiler unit. Too high external secondary air is not conducive to the good formation of central large reflux area, and is easy to induce partial combustion in the furnace and affect the hydrodynamic safety of boiler.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1721K] - YAN Yalong;ZHANG Jinhua;HUANG Yan;WANG Weijie;WANG Nan;LIU Bing;ZHAO Mingyuan;WANG Kaimin;Guoneng Jinjie Energy Co., Ltd.;National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy Beijing;
With the global energy structure transformation and the rapid development of new power systems, the installed capacity of new energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power is gradually increasing, impacting the traditional energy structure dominated by thermal power. However, the randomness, volatility, and lack of inertial support of new energy sources also seriously affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The role of thermal power units as stabilizers in providing deep peak shaving for the grid is becoming increasingly prominent. China's thermal power units have insufficient deep peak shaving capabilities, and direct deep peak shaving faces issues such as low-load combustion, overheating of heated surfaces, thermoelectric decoupling, and reduced economic efficiency. Thermal storage technology is an important means for the flexibility transformation of thermal power units to achieve deep peak shaving. The current status of sensible heat, latent heat, and thermochemical heat storage technologies is first summarized based on different forms of heat. Then, it analyzes the characteristics, process principles, and development and application status of specific thermal storage technology routes for deep peak shaving of thermal power units. The mainstream technologies include hot water tanks, electrode boilers,molten salt heat storage, solid heat storage technology, and phase change electric heat storage. The study found that sensible heat storage has low costs and the highest technological maturity; latent heat storage has high energy storage density and nearly constant temperature during heat storage/release processes, and has begun large-scale demonstrations, making it a current research hotspot; thermochemical heat storage has the highest energy storage density but is still in the laboratory research stage. Hot water tanks and electrode boilers are the earliest technologies applied to deep peak shaving of thermal power, with simple processes and minimal modifications to the thermal power system, but they also have issues such as large footprints and lower quality of released thermal energy. Phase change heat storage technology has huge latent heat, can release heat at a constant temperature, and has good thermal stability, but the technology is not yet mature. Molten salt heat storage technology and high-temperature solid electric heat storage technology have high heat storage temperatures and have enormous engineering application potential in large-scale thermal power plants.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 946K] - LU Congming;ZHANG Pan;LYU Bo;LUO Yang;XU Ting;Southwest Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd of China Power Engineering Consulting Group;North China Electric Power Test and Research Institute of China Datang Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd;
Proposes a medium and high pressure composite steam supply system that is suitable for peak shaving operation. The main body is a pressure matcher, which uses the main steam to extract reheated steam for external heat supply. When the load is reduced, the way of regulating the intermediate control valve in combination with the steam compressor compression pressure rise is used to maintain the pressure of reheated steam entering the matcher at the design point, so that the pressure matcher can always operate at the design point under low load, meet the flow requirements of external steam supply, and analyze and predict the operation performance of the system.Taking a 300 MW unit as an example, economic analysis was conducted under peak shaving mode. Compared to conventional pressure matching methods, the medium and high pressure composite steam supply system can reduce the minimum online load of the unit during peak shaving operation by maintaining the rated steam supply flow rate from 80% to 40%, and the output heat of the boiler is reduced by 280 MW, equivalent to a reduction of standard coal consumption of 38 t/h. Through the application of medium and high pressure composite steam supply systems, the participation of cogeneration units in deep peak shaving has a significant effect on coal reduction and carbon reduction.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 806K] - LIU Guobin;LU Qijun;GUI Guoyang;ZHU Ke;JIAO Facun;LI Hanxu;WU Chengli;Company of Coal sales,Huainan Coal Mining (Group) Co.Ltd.;School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology;
The western area of China boasts abundant coal resources. However, the coal-forming environment results in low ash fusion temperatures of the coals. Direct utilization of western coal in coal-fired boilers often leads to slagging,thereby affecting the safe and stable operation of the boiler. To improve the ash melting temperature of western coal, Huainan Zhuji coal with high ash melting point(coal A)was blended with Inner Mongolia Bojianghaizi and Selianerkuang coal(coals B and C) to investigate their impact on the ash fusion temperatures and combustion characteristics. The results indicated that high content of anorthite in the ashes of coals B and C is a main reason for their low ash fusion temperature. Adding 30% coal A in the coals B and C increased the ash soften temperature to above 1 350℃, reducing the risk of ash slagging in pulverized coal-fired boiler. Comparing with combustion characteristics of the single coals, the blending coals of AB3(A∶B=3∶7) and AC3(A∶C=3∶7) exhibited different combustion characteristics. AB3 improves the combustion characteristic while AC3 inhibits it due to the influence of volatile and ash yields.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 859K] - DU Xiang;WANG Lipeng;XU Shaochuan;CHEN Xuebo;School of Electronic and Information Engineering,University of Science and Technology Liaoning;
Different combinations of spray layers and gas-liquid two-phase parameters of the desulphurisation tower have a large impact on the desulphurisation efficiency. The analysis and study through numerical simulation can provide a theoretical basis for the design of the intelligent control system of the wet FGD tower. Firstly, according to the standard k-ε equation describing turbulence, component transport and Eulerian-dense discrete-phase multiphase flow model, the physical model of the wet FGD tower is constructed. Then, ICEM software is used to simplify the physical model and perform structured meshing. Finally, the desulphurisation process of the wet FGD tower was numerically simulated using Fluent software and SIMPLE algorithm under the set boundary conditions. Among them, the article mainly simulated the effects on the desulphurisation efficiency of the residence time of the sprayed slurry particles under different spray layer heights, the distribution of the sulphur dioxide content in the tower, and the parameters such as the amount of slurry spray, the initial velocity of the slurry spray, the velocity of the inlet flue gas and the sulphur dioxide concentration of the inlet flue gas. Simulation results show that: the height of the spray layer is directly proportional to the contact time between the sprayed slurry particles and the flue gas; the initial velocity of the slurry spray has a relatively small impact on the desulphurisation efficiency; the desulphurisation efficiency can be significantly improved by optimizing the combination of the spray layer, reasonably adjusting the amount of the slurry spray, and controlling the inlet flue gas velocity and concentration and other parameters.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 972K] - ZHENG Xiaohua;LI Xiong;LEI Yu;ZHANG Jiangpeng;ZHAI Benkang;LI Shiwei;Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology;
In the production process of smelting and thermal power enterprises, the main heat energy is supplied by coal, but because of the combustion of coal, a large amount of sulfur-containing flue gas will be produced, and the existence of sulfur-containing flue gas will seriously affect health and pollute the ecological environment. Therefore, driven by environmental protection requirements and the concept of green development, flue gas desulfurization must be carried out,and flue gas desulfurization has become a necessary way for smelting and thermal power enterprises to maintain clean production. At present,according to the types of desulfurizers and the state of desulfurization products, flue gas desulfurization(FGD) technology can be divided into three categories: wet, dry and semi-dry. Each of the three flue gas desulphurization methods has its advantages and disadvantages. Three typical processes are selected and their desulfurization processes and principles are introduced, aiming at giving readers a more comprehensive understanding of flue gas desulfurization technology and providing technical reference for solving the problem of flue gas desulfurization.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 730K] - WU Jiabiao;LIU Xinggao;College of Control Science & Engineering,Zhejiang University;State Key Laboratory of Industry Control Technology,Zhejiang University;Lishui City Hangli Cogeneration Co.,Ltd.;
In order to better control the environmental emissions of circulating fluidized bed boilers, aiming at the complex characteristics of the variation of nitrogen oxide emission concentration, the ensemble learning regression algorithms such as Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting(GBDT), eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost) were used to establish the offline prediction models of nitrogen oxide emission concentration, and the prediction results were compared and selected. The test results showed that the ensemble learning regression models has obvious advantages over the traditional linear regression, and the GBDT regressor was the best. In order to further improve the prediction effect of the models, it was proposed to combine the XGBoost classifier with GBDT and XGBoost regressors to form an ensemble learning classification comprehensive model. The test results showed that the comprehensive model has better prediction performance than the single integrated learning regression model, and the Mean Squared Error(MSE) of the predicted value was 1.9% lower than that of the single GBDT regressor model. The combination method used in the comprehensive model was compared with the stacking generalization combination method used in the references. The test results showed that the MSE of the predicted value of the comprehensive model was 2.6% lower than that of the stacking generalization model. The model was further applied to analyze the influencing factors of nitrogen oxide emission concentration in detail, and the optimal quantitative operation interval was given, which improves the operator's previous fuzzy qualitative understanding.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 825K] - HANG Wenlin;SUN Jiaxing;JIAO Guofeng;ZHAO Ronghang;GONG Hongqiang;WANG Yi;WU Hao;Jiangsu Guoxin Yangzhou Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University;
During the operation of the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) denitrification unit in coal-fired power plants, part of SO_2 will be oxidized to SO_3, which leads to the air preheater clogging caused by the deposition of ammonium bisulfate. In order to solve the problem of ammonia bisulfate clogging in the air preheater of a power plant, the alkaline adsorbent injection was proposed to remove SO_3 in the flue gas of SCR inlet and outlet flue ducts. To solve the problem of NH_4HSO_4-induced blockage in the air preheater of a power plant, based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD), the SCR and its inlet and outlet flue ducts were modelled and numerically simulated. A variety of arrangement schemes were proposed to quantitatively analyze the degree of mixing homogeneity. Moreover, the effects of the particle size on the mixing homogeneity were also taken into account. The results show that the average residence time of the adsorbent particles in the flue is 9.53 s and 3.41 s for the gun arrangement at the inlet and outlet, respectively. The highest cover rate of the inlet arrangement scheme is up to 50.1%, with the standard deviation of the concentration being less than 1.4. Increasing the total number of spray guns and the spacing between guns is beneficial to the enhancement of gas-solid mixing. The optimal schemes are Scheme F and Scheme K. When the adsorbent particle size is larger than 50 μm, the cover rate of the particles at outlet will be lower than 25%, with risk of inhomogeneous gassolid mixing and erosion of the flue wall increasing. However, after the particle size is reduced to less than 25 μm, the distribution characteristics of the adsorbent concentration do not change significantly.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1933K] - SONG Yujia;ZHOU Changsong;SONG Xia;WU Hao;ZHANG Zhen;YANG Hongmin;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University;
NO and dichloromethane trigger the generation of a series of atmospheric pollutants such as O_3 and PM_(2.5), which has attracted extensive attention worldwide. A series of Cu and Ce modified V-W/Ti catalysts were prepared by a multi-step impregnation method and applied to the synergistic removal of NO and dichloromethane in the temperature range of 125–325 ℃. The synergistic removal of NO and dichloromethane by these catalysts under different operating conditions was measured. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were analyzed by characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and ammonia programmed temperature-raising desorption(NH_3-TPD). The organic gases in the tail gas were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The results showed that the loading of Cu and Ce significantly improved the performance of the catalysts and broadened the activity temperature range of the catalysts. The optimum loading ratio of Cu was 5%, and the catalysts achieved up to 90.4% NO removal when the reaction temperature was 225 ℃. The maximum dichloromethane removal was 96.0% at 250 ℃. The results also showed that the catalysts were suitable to produce dichloromethane at a high temperature.The modified V-W/Ti catalysts have more pore structure, larger specific surface area, and better redox capacity, and the resistance to sulfur and chlorine was greatly improved. The NO and dichloromethane removal efficiencies were only reduced by 7.8% and 6.4%, respectively,under the HCl atmosphere. In the presence of SO_2, the removal efficiency of dichloromethane could still reach more than 80.0%, and the increase in the initial concentration of NO also had a significant effect on the removal performance of dichloromethane,with a maximum removal rate of 97.5% at an initial concentration of NO of 600×10~(–6), which demonstrated the synergistic effect of the V-W/Ti catalysts in the removal of these two pollutants.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2067K] - QIN Ning;SUN Yuge;National Energy Group Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd.;School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University;School of Electrical and Automotive Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic University;
The dry electrostatic precipitator equipment in coal-fired power plants is used to reduce pollution from boiler exhaust gas. In order to achieve better energy-saving and emission reduction effects, a robust second-order time-delay active disturbance rejection control method is proposed for dry electrostatic precipitators. This method avoids time-consuming gain tuning, and the bandwidth parameters of the controller and observer are scaled separately based on the parameters of the second-order plus time-delay model. The resulting scaling parameters can provide a detailed evaluation of the system robustness. Compared with traditional indexes, it reveals that relative delay margin is an important robustness index for controller gain tuning. Throughout comprehensive robustness analysis, a robust gain tuning rule is recommended for controlling the outlet dust concentration of the dry electrostatic precipitator. Finally, the control simulation and experiment of the actual dry electrostatic precipitator in coal-fired power plants are carried out, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1102K] - ZHU Jiangtao;DING Yanjun;ZHANG Junfeng;WANG Tiankun;HAN Tao;GU Yongzheng;WEI Shuzhou;WANG Dongxu;GD Power Development Co.,Ltd.;National Energy Research and Development Center of Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Technology for Coal-based Energy;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University;CHN Sanhe Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;Hebei Coal-fired Power Station Pollution Prevention Technology Innovation Center;National Energy Group New Energy Technology Research Institute
The change of environment pressure will cause gas concentration errors detected by the UV-Fluorescence SO_2 detector. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability, the SO_2 concentration measurement in the range of 70–110 kPa was performed by NLPF-SO_2-01 analyzer and a pressure compensation model was established accordingly. The model includes zero-gas background compensation and indication compensation, which are applied to eliminate the influence of pressure on the baselines and indications, respectively. Through the compensation, the maximum relative error of the analyzer in the experiment is reduced from 7.37% to 0.65%. The experiments verify that the compensation model is valid, eliminating the impact of the pressure changes on concentration measurements and enhancing the accuracy of the measurements by the UV-Fluorescence SO_2 detector. It can be applied to the continuous monitoring of SO_2 at the desulfurization outlet or the main outlet of thermal power.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 838K] - YANG Shuanghua;DING Yanjun;WANG Tiankun;HAN Tao;WEI Shuzhou;GU Yongzheng;ZHANG Jinsheng;CHN Sanhe Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;Hebei Coal-fired Power Station Pollution Prevention Technology Innovation Center;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University;GD Power Development Co.,Ltd.;National Energy Research and Development Center of Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Technology for Coal-based Energy;National Energy Group New Energy Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;
Ammonia escape during flue gas denitrification not only causes waste of resources, but also affects the stable operation of the unit. Due to the easy adsorption and reaction characteristics of ammonia, with the change of flue gas temperature, the form of ammonia escape will change during the subsequent migration process. Indophenol blue spectrophotometry was used to measure the concentration of different forms of ammonia escape at the three positions which are denitrification outlet, air preheater outlet and chimney outlet.TDLAS(Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy) technology combined with in-situ sampling method and in-situ heat and moisture method was used to simultaneously monitor the ammonia escape at denitrification outlet and chimney outlet. The measurement results of indophenol blue spectrophotometry show that when the ammonia escape from the denitrification outlet migrates to the air preheater, part of the ammonia escape is converted into ammonium salt, and the remaining ammonia escape migrates to the chimney total outlet. The measured ammonia escape concentration is greatly reduced compared to that at the denitrification outlet. TDLAS online monitoring results also show that the ammonia escape concentration at the total outlet is much smaller than that at the denitrification outlet. Research has shown that the selection of ammonia escape monitoring points is very important, which determines the accuracy and authenticity of the monitoring results.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 990K] - DONG Tiandong;WANG Zeyu;WANG Fengqin;LI Chong;ZHU Lei;CHENG Wei;ZHU Youjian;Henan Province Boiler Pressure Vessel Inspection Technology Scientific Research Institute;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion (Huazhong University of Science and Technology);College of New Energy,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry;
In order to explore the emission characteristics of particulate matter during the co-combustion of biomass and municipal sludge, combustion tests were carried out using a vertical fixed-bed system coupled with a Dekati Low-pressure Impactor in this work. The particle size distribution and elemental composition characteristics of the particulate matter in flue gas were obtained, and the influence of the interaction effect between different biomasses and municipal sludge on the emission of particulate matter was revealed. The results showed that the emission yield of particulate matter during the combustion of straw biomass was the highest, which was much higher than that generated during the individual combustion of municipal sludge. In contrast, the emission yields of particulate matter from woody biomass and shell biomass were relatively lower. Particulate matter generated during the combustion of all three types of biomasses was mainly submicron particulate matter(PM_1), accounting for 93.3%–96.6% of the total PM_(10) emission. Among them, the main chemical compositions of PM_1 were alkali metal chlorides and sulfates, while the ultra-micron particulate matter(PM_(1–10)) mainly consisted of alkaline earth metal silicates and aluminosilicates. The addition of municipal sludge could significantly reduce the PM_1 emission. The physical dilution effect and the interaction reaction between components jointly promoted the transformation of PM_1 into coarse particles and bottom ash, thus reducing the total PM_(10) with the maximum reduction rate of 62%. The inhibitory effects of the component interactions between different types of biomasses and municipal sludge on particulate matter generation are as follows: straw biomass >woody biomass > shell biomass.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1287K] - DU Zeyu;GUO Benshuai;WANG Dong;ZHOU Zhibin;SINOPEC Nanjing Chemical Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;
The increasing consumption of fossil energy by human beings has caused the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to become higher and higher, which has brought about a significant global warming effect. Chemical absorption method is a widely used lowpressure flue gas carbon dioxide capture technology; however, there are still issues such as high regeneration energy consumption. Based on organic amine absorbents, this article compares the carbon dioxide capture performance of piperazine and its derivatives was compared through small-scale experiments, and develops six types of composite amine absorbents. According to the results of the small-scale absorption regeneration test, formula 2 not only has a high carbon dioxide absorption capacity, but also has excellent regeneration performance, with a saturated absorption capacity of 58.6 L/L and a maximum absorption rate of 0.72 mL/min. In addition, the maximum desorption rate of the absorbent is 5.24 mL/min and the regeneration rate is 52.2 L/L. Based on the results of the small-scale trial, formulas1, 2, and 6 were selected for dynamic model testing at a scale of 3 m~3/h. In the model experiment, under the condition of a carbon dioxide capture rate of 90%, the regeneration energy consumption of the newly developed composite amine was lower than that of monoethanolamine(MEA) absorbent. Among them, formula 2 has the best effect, with a regeneration energy consumption of 58% of MEA absorbent under the condition of gas-liquid ratio of 300∶1. The study systematically studies low-energy absorbents and absorption processes, and the research results have certain guiding significance for engineering applications.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 841K] - XU Yi;PAN Jun;FENG Yanlei;YANG Jiancheng;XUE Cen;WEI Xin;KONG Chengdong;ZHU Xiaolei;KONG Yu;YOU Ting;School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University;China Power Engineering Consulting Group Co.,Ltd.;East China Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd. of China Power Engineering Consulting Group;China Energy Engineering Group Shanxi Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.;Network And Information Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University;Reserach Institute of Carbon Neutrality,Shan
By categorizing raw coal into anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, and meagre coal, and updating their emission factors. Utilizing the updated emission factors to accurately calculate the CO_2 emissions for Guizhou, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Shanxi from 2013 to 2022 aims to enhance the accuracy of provincial CO_2 emission accounting. The results show that the emission factors of raw coal can significantly affect the accounting of provincial CO_2 emissions. In the accounting of raw coal emissions for the four provinces, comparing the calculations using the updated emission factors with the default coal carbon emission factor provided by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC), the emissions in Inner Mongolia were reduced by 25.26%; compared to the default emission factors for four types of coal provided by the NDRC, the raw coal emission volume in Shanxi increased by 33.14%; compared to the default emission factors for four types of coal provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), the raw coal emission volume in Xinjiang decreased by 17.23%. Applying the updated emission factors to the annual carbon emission analysis of the four provinces, it was found that in 2022, the proportion of raw coal CO_2 emissions in the total coal emissions was the lowest in Shanxi Province, at 66.29%,while the other three provinces were all above 80%. Compared to the calculation results using the default emission factors provided by the NDRC, the total carbon emissions in Inner Mongolia in 2022 were reduced by 187.62 million tons. Additionally, in the thermal power generation industry, the CO_2 emissions from the thermal power sector in Guizhou accounted for 62.51% of the province's total raw coal emissions in 2022, while the other three provinces all exceeded 70%. The study suggests that, by fully considering the spatial differences in coal consumption across various regions of China and further updating the raw coal carbon emission factors applicable to different regions, the accuracy of carbon emission accounting for energy consumption in each province can be improved. This also provides a more detailed and scientific data foundation for the formulation and promotion of local emission reduction policies and measures.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 713K] - TAO Yuan;ZHANG Bingru;College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University;State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling;
To evaluate the stability of an amine absorbent for the absorption-desorption cycle of low-flow, low-concentration, low-partialpressure CO_2, the ratio of apparent cycle capacity to maximum cycle capacity and the capacity of 20 cycles were used as two performance parameters for the absorption stability of organic amine absorbent, the absorption and desorption properties, the ratio of apparent cycle capacity to the maximum cycle capacity and the cycle capacity of 20 absorption-desorption cycles of Ethanolamine(MEA),Triethylenetetramine(TETA), N–Methyldiethanolamine(MDEA) and MDEA + TETA were studied. The result shows that the ratio of apparent cycle capacity to maximum cycle capacity can directly reflect the differences between the CO_2 absorption properties in limited conditions and the maximum absorption properties. The capacity of 20 cycles reflects the changes of amine absorbents' ability to transport CO_2 during the absorption-desorption cycle. The ratio of the apparent cycle capacity to the maximum cycle capacity of MDEA/TETA mixed absorbent is the highest, reaching 78.10%, and it can keep a higher cycle capacity in the multi-absorption-desorption process. The maximum capacity of MDEA/TETA mixed absorbent in the 20 cycles is 0.75 mol CO_2/mol amine, which is relatively stable thus has a good potential for capturing CO_2 in flue gas from industrial fossil fuel combustion.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1075K] - XU Xianlong;XUN Zhiwei;HAN Ziqiang;LI Xiaoshan;XIONG Zhuo;Guoneng Sanhe Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;Guoneng Jinjie Energy Co.,Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;
Zeolite molecular sieves have been widely applied in the field of adsorption and separation of CO_2. Three common zeolite molecular sieves 5A, 13X, and NaY were selected to study the adsorption performance of CO_2. The effects of pore structure parameters,adsorption pressure, and adsorption heat on the adsorption performance of CO_2 were investigated, and results reveal that all three adsorbents belong to microporous adsorbents, and the adsorption of CO_2 at normal temperature is physical adsorption. The greater the adsorption pressure, the greater the static adsorption capacity. The order of the static adsorption capacity of the three adsorbents is NaY >5A > 13X, and the size of the static adsorption capacity is related to the pore structure parameters and adsorption coefficient b of the adsorbents. The larger the pore structure parameters(pore volume, pore size, specific surface area) and the larger the value of coefficient b,the larger the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. The order of CO_2 breakthrough adsorption capacity and equilibrium adsorption capacity of the three zeolites is 13X > 5A > NaY, and there is no obvious relationship between static adsorption capacity and dynamic adsorption capacity. Zeolite NaY exhibited the best dynamic adsorption cycle stability among the zeolites. Compared with 5A and 13X,whose adsorption capacity decreases by 74% and 68%, respectively, NaY only decreases by 29% after five cycles of adsorption and desorption. In addition, NaY has the smallest adsorption heat and weak adsorption effect with CO_2, making desorb easier.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 925K] - XIANG Qiang;WU Lin;ZHOU Yongqiang;ZHANG Xingkai;SU Xing;GUO Feng;WEI Yong;CHEN Yugui;WANG Feng;Shaanxi Deyuan Fugu Energy Co.,Ltd.;
In the low-temperature environment of winter, the radiators of direct air-cooled units participating in deep peak shaving are highly susceptible to freezing risks, seriously endangering the safe and efficient operation of the units. In response to the risk of freezing, a method has been proposed to preheat the cold air entering the air cooling unit by utilizing the residual heat in the flue gas at the tail of the boiler, in order to prevent the radiator from freezing. Firstly, a mathematical model of a direct air cooling system for spraying hot flue gas was established. Numerical simulation was used to analyze the outlet water temperature of each radiator under different environmental temperatures and wind speeds, with a focus on the difference in outlet water temperature between the left and right radiators of the same air cooling unit; Then, the influence of different flue gas injection velocities on the outlet water temperature of the radiator was analyzed,and a reasonable flue gas injection strategy was proposed. The results indicate that when the ambient temperature is below 253.15 K, there is a risk of the radiator freezing, and the higher the wind speed, the greater the risk; The outlet water temperature of the radiator on the leeward side of the air cooling unit is lower than that on the windward side, making it more prone to freezing; When the ambient wind speed is 4 m/s and the ambient temperature drops to 248.15 K, the risk of freezing can only be eliminated when the velocity of the smoke sprayed on the right side is greater than 7m/s and the velocity of the smoke sprayed on the left side is greater than 2 m/s. This method can effectively improve the safety of direct air-cooled islands operating in extremely cold winter weather.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 826K] - ZHAO Wei;YI Zhenwei;ZHU Xinyu;LI Yafang;WANG Tao;State Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Energy, Zhejiang University;Clear Capture Zero Carbon (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd.;
Solid wastes generated during industrialization often contain high concentrations of heavy metal ions, and the potential release of these heavy metals requires urgent attention. Conventional heavy metal ion suppression techniques are difficult to balance both cost and efficiency issues, whereas the CO2 mineralized lightweight aggregate used in this study to adsorb and solidify heavy metal ions(small particle size of the lightweight aggregate, homogeneity throughout the reaction process, and comparative sampling) is an effective and economical way of treating heavy metal-containing wastes. The results showed that, after the light aggregate experienced CO_2 mineralization, the precipitation of copper element decreased from 0.151 8 mg/L in the natural condition to 0.002 3 mg/L in the 120 min mineralization condition, which was about 1.43% of the original; the precipitation of lead element decreased from 0.382 mg/L in the natural condition to 0.015 9 mg/L in the 60-min mineralization condition, which was about 4% of the natural condition. Chromium increased from 0.107 9 mg/L without mineralization to 0.427 8 mg/L after 120 min of mineralization, and the increase of physical adsorption and chemical precipitation by mineralization improved the overall fixation efficiency of Cu and Pb, but the fixation of Cr was adversely affected by the effect of Ca~(2+). Overall, this study is of great significance for reducing environmental pollution and improving the environmental friendliness of the materials, which provides a new technical path for the application of coal-fired solid waste-based materials in the field of environmental remediation.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3405K] - KANG Zhipeng;LUO Yong;REN Bo;TONG Zheng;DUAN Changrui;State Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Mining Environment Protection,Huainan Mining Group Co.Ltd.;Key Laboratory of Coupled Hazards Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mining National Mine Safety Administration Huaihe Energy Holding Group Co.Ltd.;Pingan Coal Mining Engineering Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;
In order to solve the problems of easy plugging, high reaction temperature and high material cost of ordinary high-water materials in the process of mine filling and mining, fly ash was mixed into high-water materials to study the initial setting time, water precipitation rate, seed setting rate, compressive strength and reaction temperature of high-water materials under different water-solid ratios and different fly ash contents. The hardened slurry was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and its microstructure was observed. The results show that when the water-solid ratio is fixed, the initial setting time of high-water material increases with the increase of fly ash content, and the order of increase is water-solid ratio 1.5∶1 > 1∶1 > 2∶1; when the content of fly ash is fixed, the initial setting time of high water material increases with the increase of water-solid ratio, and the increase amplitude is approximately linearly related.Different water-solid ratio and fly ash content mainly affect the strength and internal temperature of hardened slurry. Among them, the water-solid ratio is 1∶1 and the fly ash content is 60 %. The strength of the material increases from 2.1 MPa to 2.8 MPa with the curing time. The internal reaction temperature of hardened slurry is reduced by 12.3 ℃ compared with that without fly ash, a decrease of 31.77%;the minimum cost of hardened paste with comparable strength decreased by 54.6% compared with the blank group. The research results can provide reference for the performance research and engineering application economy of high water material with fly ash.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 862K] - YANG Xueteng;WEI Li;CHANG Ting;DAI Xuebing;WU Xiaoyuan;WANG Huiqi;HAN Tao;Shanxi Low-carbon Environmental Protection Industry Group;School of Energy and Power Engineering,North University of China;School of Materials Engineering,Shanxi College of Technology;
Through field research, data collection and review of typical coal mining enterprises in 6 major coalfields in Shanxi province,grasp the influence of different coalfield coal quality characteristics, coal-bearing strata, distribution of coal seams and other factors on the mineral composition and chemical composition of gangue. Taking the coal gangue in Liulin County as a representative, the coal gangue produced by coal mines and coal washing plants around Jiajiaguan Township in Liulin County was sampled and tested for chemical composition, mineral composition, burnt whiteness and industrial analysis of coal quality, and the potential of its utilization for resource utilization was analyzed. Research shows that the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue in different regions vary greatly, and the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue in the same region also vary due to the differences in production processes, mining coal seams and so on. Summarized the problems of comprehensive utilization of coal gangue industry in Shanxi Province, exploratory proposed comprehensive utilization of coal gangue industry development mode, in order to provide reference for the development of comprehensive utilization of coal gangue industry in Shanxi Province.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 645K] - DENG Zhixiao;ZHANG Zerun;LUO Pei;SHEN Guoqing;ZHANG Shiping;College of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University;
Thermal power generation is a high water-consuming industry and there is a large waste of water resources. As a technology for particle aggregation and removal, the acoustic wave agglomeration technology can be used in the field of flue gas or cooling tower water recovery in power stations. On the basis of the technology of promoting droplet agglomeration under the action of acoustic field, relevant experimental research is carried out to explore the effects of frequency, initial concentration of droplets and sound pressure level on the effect of droplet agglomeration. The results show that under the same conditions of sound pressure level, the sound waves of 500 Hz and1 000 Hz can achieve better effect of agglomeration than other conditions. It is analyzed that the above two frequencies will generate standing waves, which will increase the efficiency of acoustic wave agglomeration. The standing wave generated by the sound wave at1 000 Hz is more affected by the sound attenuation, and the effect of droplet particle size increase is poorer, so the effect of agglomeration at 500 Hz is better than that at 1 000 Hz. The increase in the initial concentration of droplets indicates that the more the number of droplets per unit volume, and the perturbation of the sound wave can obviously increase the probability of collision of droplet particles and promote the agglomeration. With the increasing of the sound pressure level from 120 to 150 dB, the particle size of droplet acoustic wave agglomeration is better than that at 500 Hz. And at the same time, the increase in the initial concentration of droplets indicates that the number of droplets per unit volume is greater. With the sound pressure level increases from 120 to 150 dB, the particle size of droplet acoustic agglomeration increases, and the effect of agglomeration is obviously enhanced. The results of the study to a certain extent for the acoustic agglomeration technology in the field of power station tail flue and cooling tower moisture recovery is of great significance.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 824K] - WANG Haitang;HE Anmin;LI Jingfeng;ZHONG Zhencheng;State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining;National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy;CHN Energy Investment Group;
The Yellow River Basin is an important energy basin in our country, rich in coal resources, but relatively short of water resources. The mine water produced by coal mining is a very valuable unconventional water resource. To maximize the utilization of mine water is an important embodiment of the implementation of "water production". Based on the field investigation in typical areas, the paper analyzes the water quality characteristics of mine water in the Yellow River Basin. There are different types of mine water with high salinity, clean mine water, acid mine water, mine water with special components and mine water with suspended matter in the Yellow River basin. The treatment technology of mine water with high salinity, mine water with special components and mine water with suspended matter is analyzed and introduced. At present, mine water is mainly used for mine water, and the comprehensive utilization rate is low. Considering that the water quality of mine water treated in the future can basically meet the surface Grade III water standard, it is expected to provide water resources guarantee for surrounding industrial and agricultural water in the future. Suggestions on optimal allocation and comprehensive utilization of mine water in the Yellow River basin are put forward based on the current situation of mine water treatment and utilization, in order to realize the carrying capacity of water resources in line with the industrial development of the Yellow River Basin of the Group, and help the ecological protection and high quality of the Yellow River basin.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 568K] - ZHANG Liwei;HU Kun;ZHI Ya;ZENG Qiuyu;GUO Yongcun;YANG Chenguang;College of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology;Anhui Zhongke Optoelectronic Color Selection Machinery Co., Ltd.;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology;
With the development of image recognition and pattern recognition technology, dry sorting based on ray has been widely developed and applied, especially in arid areas. When sorting coal and gangue by X-ray transmission technology, recognition of coal and gangue are based on the differences of X-ray absorption. Previous works have paid much attention to the atomic number and density. Only coal and gangue with large density difference can be identified, and the deep mechanism of identification cannot be well explained. At the same time the relationship between the evolution of crystallographic structure and X-ray absorption has not been researched. Experimental methods including TG/DSC, XRD and FTIR were used to detect the change of kaolinite during annealing. Materials Studio was used to simulate the possible crystal structure during the gradual disordering of kaolinite crystal structure. The simulated structures were calculated by FEFF9 for X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show that X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy can represent valuable information about the Si local environment in kaolinite. Further investigation determined that the XANES absorption peak shifts slightly from 1846.7 eV to 1845.1 eV and the intensity mutation increases from 1.76 to 3.86 with the increase of kaolinite distortion in stages. This work proves the study on the distortion mechanism of kaolinite crystal during annealing with FEFF9 calculation which provide theoretical support for identifying kaolinite with different distortion degrees in coal gangue separation.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1264K] - LI Haichao;Xinjiang Energy Co.,Ltd.,National Energy Group;
Gasification slag, as a solid waste product from the coal chemical industry, has seen a rise in production in tandem with the development of the coal industry, presenting a challenge in its disposal and utilization. This study explores the potential application of gasification slag in cement mortar materials for road engineering to achieve its green and efficient utilization. Coarse and fine slags were used to prepare cement mortar specimens, and the effects of their incorporation levels on the specimen strength were examined using analytical methods such as thermogravimetry(TG) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results indicate significant differences between the coarse and fine slags: the cumulative yield of particles larger than 0.6mm for fine slag is only 8.87%, much lower than that of coarse slag, which is 62.61%, and the fine slag contains a higher residual carbon content and requires more water. The extensive incorporation of gasification slag reduces the strength of the mortar specimens, but the flexural and compressive strengths of specimens with coarse slag are superior to those with fine slag. The optimal specimen with 10% coarse slag at 28 days age achieved 81.0% of the flexural strength and 70.9% of the compressive strength of the control group. TG and SEM show that residual carbon significantly impacts the hydration process of the mortar specimens by hindering the interaction of hydration products, leading to a looser structure.Additionally, the study finds that the potential pozzolanic components in coarse slag can effectively promote the hydration process and simultaneously inhibit carbonation, providing a significant theoretical basis for the application of gasification slag in mortar materials. Fine gasification slag is not suitable as a raw material for cement mortar for road use before the impact of residual carbon is eliminated, whereas coarse slag is appropriate for replacing fine aggregate in mortar materials,with the best comprehensive strength and economic benefits when the coarse slag content is 10%.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 6482K] - YUAN Zhimin;JOW Jinder;DONG Yang;LIN Dehai;National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy;School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology;
The development and utilization of mineral resources have caused extensive mining damaged lands in China. Mining damaged lands urgently need ecological restoration, in which soil reconstruction is an important step. This article outlines the general steps for ecological restoration and soil reconstruction of mining damaged land, and summarizes the research results of the main steps such as soil material preparation, soil improvement, and soil profile reconstruction. Hope this article can provide references for the soil reconstruction of mining damaged land in the future.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 594K] - YANG Yang;WANG Tao;XU Dong;SHI Xiaohong;DONG Wenfeng;WANG Chaowei;DU Shuming;HAN Tao;China Energy Corporation New Energy Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization,Zhejiang University;College of Electromechanical Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology;
The application of blended amine absorbents, which harness the advantages of high absorption capacity and low regeneration energy consumption over single organic amines, is investigated as a mainstream approach for carbon dioxide capture. Despite its promising potential, the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of blended amine absorbents remain potential, the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of blended amine absorbents remain understudied. Consequently, we focus on a CEU ternary blend comprising sterically hindered amines AMP(2–amino–2–methyl–1–propanol) and MDEA(N–methyldiethanolamine) as primary constituents. A comprehensive process flow model for a 500 kt/a CO_2 capture process from coal-fired power plant flue gas was developed with Aspen Plus software. This model serves as the basis for rigorous analyses aimed at optimizing process parameters and enhancing energy efficiency. The findings reveal a close correlation between the VLE simulation data and experimental results, validating the thermodynamic model's accuracy. Further, through simulation and optimization, we determine optimal equipment configurations, including 15-meter packing height for the absorber and 10-meter packing height for the regenerator. Additionally, the paper identify the 18th stage as the ideal location for interstage cooling, a 15% split ratio for rich liquid fractionation, and a 2 bar regeneration pressure that minimizes system energy consumption to 2.38 GJ/t CO_2. A technical and economic analysis based on these optimized parameters demonstrates a 19.72% reduction in total capture costs compared to the traditional 30wt% MEA technology. Experiment provides valuable insights and data support for the industrial adoption and advancement of blended amine absorbents in CO_2 capture processes.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 854K] - ZHAO Chongsheng;WANG Bo;HUANG Kunpeng;CHENG Minghao;WU Qiang;WANG Cheng;ZENG Guochun;DAI Fu;Sichuan Honghua Electric Co.Ltd.,Dongfang Electric Corporation;
The use of electric fracturing equipment for hydraulic fracturing is a new technology for coalbed gas reservoir development,which is still in its early stage of development, and the supporting technology of the fracturing equipment is not yet mature and needs to be perfected. Taking the electric fracturing equipment of coalbed methane in Daning-Jixian block as an example, the integrated configuration method of coalbed methane electric fracturing equipment is put forward according to the requirements of fracturing construction and the operation capacity of the equipment. Specific configuration requirements are put forward from electric fracturing device, power supply and distribution system, frequency conversion room and frequency conversion technology, low pressure manifold liquid supply system,sand transport and sand mixing device, digital fracturing command and control center and high pressure manifold system and other equipment, which are applied in Jishen 4-10 site. The application results show that the proposed method can meet the requirements of high pressure, large discharge, large sand ratio and long operation time, improve the overall operation efficiency and the automation level of equipment, and realize green and low-carbon development. The research results can lay the equipment foundation for fully electric fracturing of deep coalbed methane, and have certain reference significance for the subsequent large-scale promotion.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 834K] - LI Xiaohui;XU Xianlong;WANG Dongxu;YANG Shuwang;LIU Gengsheng;SHEN Chengzhe;LI Yongfa;LYU Qingchao;WANG Jiawei;CHN San He Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;School of Energy,Power and Mechanical Engineering,North China Electric Power University;
This study simulated the wet desulfurization process under laboratory conditions and delved into the impact of polymeric iron sulfate impurities on the crystallization of desulfurization gypsum. Experimental results indicated that the addition of polymeric iron sulfate significantly prolonged the crystallization induction time and inhibited the nucleation rate. When the amount of polymeric iron sulfate added reaches 0.4 mL(volume fraction 0.20%), its effect on the nucleation stage gradually weakens, but its effect on the growth stage of gypsum crystals significantly increases. When further increased to 2 mL(volume fraction 0.99%), polymeric ferric sulfate not only inhibited the formation of calcium sulfate in the early stage of the reaction, but also inhibited the formation and growth of gypsum crystal nuclei. Compared to the blank control, when the addition amount is less than or equal to 0.4 mL, the peak of the particle size distribution curve is concentrated. However, when the addition amount reached 2 mL, the peak width increased. Morphological analysis reveals that gypsum crystals are predominantly plate-like with distinct boundaries. With the increase in the amount of polymeric iron sulfate added,there is a gradual increase in granular attachments on the crystal surface, leading to gypsum crystals that appear fragmented and thin, with rough surfaces and significantly reduced quality. In addition to the target component, hemihydrate calcium sulfite is also present in the dihydrate gypsum crystal sample. As the amount of polymeric iron sulfate added increases, the quality of dihydrate gypsum crystals gradually decreases. Further analysis suggests that Fe~(3+) adsorbs on the lattice surface and may enter the lattice, replacing Ca~(2+), leading to an increase in interplanar spacing. Additionally, the addition of polymeric iron sulfate forms Fe—O—S bonds, indicating an interaction between Fe~(3+) and sulfate ions, and a decrease in the binding energy of oxygen.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1653K] - WU Suozhen;DU Xiaoguang;ZHAO Wen;LIU Shuang;Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co.,Ltd.;Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute;Changsha Haina Optech Co.,Ltd.;
Fineness of pulverized coal is an important daily supervision and inspection item for pulverized coal as fired of thermal power plants. It is of great significance to supervise the normal operation of the pulverizer, guide the combustion of pulverized coal in the boiler,and ensure the safe, economical and environmentally friendly operation of the coal-fired unit. At present, the methods for measuring the fineness of pulverized coal in thermal power plants mainly include sieving method, laser diffraction method and online measurement method, etc. Among them, the laser diffraction method has the advantages of short measurement cycle, high accuracy and convenient operation. Most of the publicly reported studies on the laser diffraction method for determining fineness of pulverized coal use wet injection method, while pulverized coal in thermal power plants is actually used in a dry powder state, and pulverized coal may swell when immersed in a solution.In order to further study and establish a method for determining the fineness of pulverized coal using dry injection by laser diffraction method, the effects of parameters such as data collection time, dispersion pressure, and shading degree on the measurement results of pulverized coal fineness were studied, and the optimal measurement conditions were determined to be:collection time of 5 s, dispersion pressure of 0.3 MPa, and shading degree of 2% to 5%. At the same time, collaborative experiments were carried out to compare and analyze the measurement results of the laser diffraction method and the sieving method. The results showed that the dry injection laser diffraction method was accurate, simple and repeatable, and suitable for the determination pf fineness of pulverized coal.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 601K] - FAN Dongyan;HUANG Wei;DU Tao;QIAN Dayi;MA Fuchen;SONG Jianbin;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,YiLi Normal University;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clean Conversion and High Value Utilization of Biomass Resources;Xinjiang Ruikewo New Materials Co.,Ltd.;
The large-scale utilization of coal gangue solid waste has always been one of the key issues to be solved in the field of environmental protection. Based on this, this article uses the composite technology of coal gangue ceramic particles and epoxy resin to prepare coal gangue/epoxy resin composite materials through a molding process. The influence of coal gangue content on the structure,mechanical properties, and structural morphology of epoxy resin composites was investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), mechanical testing machine, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA). The results show that the calcined coal gangue is mainly composed of mullite, cordierite, etc. The metal oxides in coal gangue strongly interact with the polar groups in epoxy resin, causing the infrared absorption peak to shift towards lower wavenumbers. The bending strength of epoxy resin composite materials increases with the increase of coal gangue content, and reaches the highest value(90 MPa) at 80%; SEM confirms that coal gangue and epoxy resin have good interfacial properties, but excessive coal gangue can cause a large number of pores to appear at the internal interface of the material; The DMA experiment showed that the storage modulus of the composite material increased with the increase of coal gangue content, reaching its highest value at 80%, and then began to decrease. The variation of loss factor with temperature indicates that the addition of coal gangue leads to a decrease in the glass transition temperature of epoxy resin composite materials from 60 ℃ to 57 ℃; When the content of coal gangue is less than 85%, the composite material has a lower water absorption rate(about 0.1%) that meets national standards.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 893K] - BO Yunlong;LAI Gaosong;ZHANG Yiqing;LI Guang;MA Shuqi;ZHANG Chuanxiang;Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University;Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization,Henan Polytechnic University;Department of Chemical Engineering,Hami Vocational Technical College;Hami Henan New Energy Industry Institute;
In recent years, with the increase of environmental protection requirements and the implementation of the "dual carbon target",the proportion of coal in China's energy consumption is gradually decreasing year by year. Nevertheless, its consumption is still increasing annually and remains the main raw material of energy in China. The combustion of coal generates a large amount of fly ash, which, if not properly disposed of and treated, can be carried by the wind into the air and subsequently settle into rivers and onto soil, causing significant damage to the environment and human health. In recent years, the production of fly ash in China has gradually increased, yet its utilization rate is relatively low compared to other countries. In 2016, China's fly ash utilization rate was around 70%, while the EU's(European Union's) rate was approximately 90%, and Japan's rate was nearly 100%. Therefore, it is imperative to increase the utilization rate of fly ash. Given that fly ash is rich in silicon and aluminum, which are similar to the chemical components required for the production of molecular sieves, there are considerable prospects for utilizing fly ash to produce molecular sieves. The composition of fly ash is complex, and some crystalline silicon and aluminum compounds in fly ash exhibit high stability. Prior to the preparation of molecular sieves, activation treatment is required to convert them into silicates and aluminates with activity suitable for molecular sieve preparation. Subsequently, through synthesis processes including aging, crystallization, washing, and drying, the silicates and aluminates are converted into molecular sieves. Different experimental conditions can yield different types of molecular sieves. In order to understand the current status of molecular sieve preparation from fly ash, common activation methods of fly ash are reviewed, including mechanical activation, hydrothermal activation and high-temperature activation. It also systematically discusses the synthesis methods of molecular sieves, encompassing hydrothermal synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, alkali fusion, seeding, and transforming crystal types. Among these, hydrothermal synthesis and alkali fusion are the most commonly used, while seeding is still in the research stage and holds certain development prospects. Common types of fly ash molecular sieves include types A, P, X, Y, and ZSM-5. Generally, their preparation is based on hydrothermal synthesis, with ultrasonic, microwave, and alkali fusion methods serving as auxiliaries to enhance conversion rates and product purity. Finally, the applications of molecular sieves are introduced. The primary applications include:treating pollutants in wastewater, such as metal ions like Ni~(2+); adsorbing harmful gases such as CO_2, NO_2, and VOCs due to their large specific surface area;reducing the toxicity of contaminated soil or immobilizing metals in the soil with low density, large pores, and moderate particle size;serving as catalysts or catalyst supports. The preparation of fly ash into molecular sieves is in line with the concept of sustainable development, but there are still some technical difficulties in this field. Future research will focus on improving the conversion rate and crystallinity of fly ash molecular sieves, as well as their applications in catalysis and environmental protection.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 709K] - WU Yulong;NIU Huiqun;ZHANG Yuhai;DING Shufang;LI Guangyue;College of Mineral Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology;Shanghai Fengshi Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.;Junfa coal preparation plant, Longmei Hegang Mining Co., Ltd.;
Coal gangue is a solid waste generated in the process of coal production, which is one of the largest industrial solid wastes in China, and contains a variety of valuable elements and has potential utilization value. Due to coal gangue contains complex mineral components and a variety of valuable elements, which exhibits chemically stable, and it is necessary to carry out activation pretreatment to improve the reactivity of mineral components in coal gangue to realize the high-value utilization. At present, the commonly used coal gangue activation pretreatment methods mainly include mechanical activation, thermal activation, chemical activation, microwave activation, and compound activation. Based on the phase transformation and microstructure reconstruction behavior of minerals under different activation pretreatments, the mechanism of different activation pretreatment methods and the phase transformation process of minerals were summarized and analyzed. In addition, the differences in composition and utilization of different types of coal gangue, as well as the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of the two most important mineral components in coal gangue were introduced. Finally, the existing research problems in different activation pretreatment methods were discussed, and the future research development directions and possible solutions were proposed. Through the summary and induction, it will provide a theoretical reference for the activation pretreatment and high-value comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in the future.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1476K] - LIN Yue;LI Guipeng;YU Haiyi;KANG Jiannan;PAN Tongyang;LIU Shuai;LIU Weidong;Datang Yuncheng Power Generation Co., Ltd.;Datang Northeast Electric Power Test and Research Institute Co., Ltd.;Harbin Institute of Technology;
The utilization of flue gas waste heat is an important means to reduce the energy consumption. Combined with the actual situation of a 1000MW new project, two feasible schemes for the deep utilization of waste heat are proposed, namely, air preheater bypass+ two-stage flue gas cooler(scheme 1) and air preheater bypass + hot primary air temperature control device + two-stage flue gas cooler(scheme 2). In order to objectively evaluate the energy-saving effect of different schemes, the calculation model of the thermal characteristics of the rotary air preheater was established by using the finite difference method, and the effects of the air preheater bypass flue gas share and the change of inlet air temperature on the boiler efficiency were studied. Based on Ebsilon, a calculation model of thermal characteristics of steam turbine was established, and the effects of different heat input modes and steam extraction volume changes on the heat loss rate of steam turbine were studied. Through further research, it is concluded that the share of flue gas bypass and the inlet air temperature of the air preheater increase, the coal consumption of unit 1 decreases monotonically, and the coal consumption reduction value of unit 2 increases first and then decreases. All things considered, scheme 2 is recommended, corresponding to the best bypass flue gas share of 12%, and the lowest coal consumption reduction value is 3.04 g/kWh.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 839K] - WANG Wei;YANG Jian;CAI Dong;HU Yuxi;CHN Energy Group Shendong Coal Group Co.,Ltd;Information Technology Co.,Ltd,China Coal Science and Technology Group;
Coalbed methane(CBM), as an important unconventional natural gas resource, plays a significant role in optimizing China's energy structure and contributing to environmental protection. A systematic analysis of the current status of comprehensive CBM utilization technologies in China is provided. It explores the main utilization pathways based on different methane concentrations,including power generation, heating, and residential use for high-concentration CBM, as well as oxidation recovery and co-combustion for low-concentration CBM. Furthermore, the paper details the technical, economic, and environmental challenges faced in the comprehensive utilization process, such as low extraction rates and single technological pathways. Based on this, it discusses the trends in technological development and proposes specific suggestions for improving the utilization efficiency of CBM, aiming to provide a reference for the efficient development of China's CBM industry.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 463K] - XU Sihan;WANG Ruilin;HONG Hui;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University;University of Chinese Academy of Science;Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;
In the context of achieving carbon neutrality, promoting the full utilization of industrial waste heat resource in China is of great significance. The characteristics of industrial waste heat resources, such as wide distribution, diverse carriers, and a broad range of temperature variations, pose limitations on their effective utilization. How to reasonably classify the widely distributed waste heat resources and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of their utilization by considering multiple factors is a crucial prerequisite for achieving orderly and efficient utilization of waste heat. The potential for internal energy utilization of waste heat resources above ambient temperature and the potential for potential energy utilization above ambient pressure are considered, thus constructing a two-dimensional coordinate system classification method for waste heat resources composed of "temperature exergy" and "pressure exergy". Compared to the current classification of waste heat resources based on a single thermodynamic parameter of temperature or pressure, this method fully reveals the potential differences of waste heat resources with different heat carriers and phases. By categorizing various typical industrial waste heat resources into this classification coordinate system, The results show that various waste heat resource are widely distributed in the range of 50–400 kJ/kg "temperature exergy" and 100–300 kJ/kg "pressure exergy". For most waste heat resources, "temperature exergy" and "pressure exergy" show a positive correlation, providing guidance for their subsequent utilization. In terms of comprehensive evaluation of waste heat utilization, based on the concept of economic exergy, this study considers the differences in the forms of electricity, cooling, and heating energy produced by different waste heat utilization technologies. It also takes into account economic efficiency, energy efficiency, and carbon reduction benefits, proposing a comprehensive evaluation factor for waste heat utilization. The analysis results of the influence of waste heat parameters show that the comprehensive evaluation factor of waste heat utilization technologies focusing on thermal energy utilization, such as organic Rankine cycle and absorption heat pumps, increases with the rise of "temperature exergy". Meanwhile, the increase in "pressure exergy" values significantly enhances the comprehensive evaluation factor of utilization technologies focusing on potential energy utilization, such as pressure recovery turbines. Cross-regional comparisons of comprehensive evaluations of waste heat utilization show that the comprehensive evaluation factor values of waste heat utilization technologies focusing on electricity output are generally unaffected by regional differences, the carbon revenue brought accounts for about50% of the total revenue. However, for heat pump technologies focusing on thermal energy output, the comprehensive evaluation factor values vary significantly between regions due to differences in operating hours and the non-equivalence of work and heat, the proportion of corresponding carbon revenue fluctuates between 2% and 24%, showing certain regional characteristics.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 913K] - HU Jinliang;Guoneng Zhuneng Group Co., Ltd.;
With the increasing output of open-pit coal mines and the improvement of high-yield and high-efficiency mechanization in China, the coal dust produced by the crushing station, as a necessary intermediate link of coal mining and beneficiation process, is one of the five major disasters(water, fire, gas, coal dust and coal seam roof) in coal mines. Coal dust not only aggravates the problem of ecological environment pollution, but also has a serious impact on people's life and health. So the long-standing coal dust problem in crushing stations makes prevention and control work imminent. Based on the analysis and summary of the research status of coal dust hazards and prevention in coal crushing station in China, the hazards of coal dust in production safety, working environment and occupational health of coal crushing station are briefly described; This paper summarizes and evaluates the technologies, devices and effects of coal dust prevention and control commonly used in large crushing stations of open-pit coal mines in China, and briefly introduces the advantages and disadvantages of coal dust control experience and methods of large crushing stations of open-pit coal mines in China, so as to provide reference and reference for scientific and efficient dust prevention and dust removal of crushing stations of large open-pit coal mines in China, It also points out the direction for the future research on coal dust properties and the development of coal dust control technology.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 923K] - JIANG Xiaofeng;GONG Yu;LIU Jinfeng;MENG Xianliang;WU Guoguang;HU Yu;XING Yaowen;XU Enle;School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology;Utmost Flow Control Technology (Shandong) Co., Ltd.;National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification;
Surfactants can alter the properties of solid/liquid and liquid/gas interfaces, thereby influencing the interactions between particles and bubbles. Previous studies have extensively investigated the thinning of liquid films between particles and bubbles in pure water, as well as the formation and spread of the three-phase contact line(TPL). However, the impact of surfactants on the bubble spreading process remains unclear. Therefore, by tracking the dynamic spreading process of slowly growing bubbles on different solid surfaces using high-speed cameras and analyzing the evolution of TPL with MATLAB software, this study systematically examined the effects of cationic surfactant CTAB, anionic surfactant SDS, and nonionic surfactant Tween-80 on the kinetics of bubble TPL spreading.Results indicate that TPL on both glass and teflon solid surfaces in surfactant systems exhibit characteristics of rapid and slow spreading stages. Due to the heterogeneity by the organic/inorganic mixture and hydrophobic/hydrophilic sites on coal surfaces, as well as the uneven distribution of microbubbles and cracks, surfactants show a significant influence on slow spreading stage. Due to the Marangoni effect during the spreading process, the liquid moves towards the three-phase contact line, inhibiting the spreading of TPL. As the concentration increases, the Marangoni effect strengthens, resulting in a decrease in the final spreading length of TPL. However, three surfactants contact solid surfaces with different adsorption ways due to their different charges, thereby affecting the bubble spreading process.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1560K] - ZHANG Qianwei;WANG Xuetao;SUN Bozhao;YANG Zhongkai;Henan Zero Carbon Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.;School of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology;
A waste incineration power generation project with a processing capacity of 1200 tons/day and a power generation capacity of 20 MW in northern Henan province was conducted. In order to improve the operation level and economic benefits, through experimental data analysis, the optimal operation mode of the cold end and feed pump in different seasons and different working conditions is found and applied to the daily intelligent optimization control of the power plant, so as to finally achieve the purpose of reducing the power consumption rate of the plant and improving the economic benefits of waste incineration power generation. This study provides a research direction for the development of China's waste-to-energy industry.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 893K] - FENG Chuan;LIU Lifeng;ZHU Longxiao;CAO Yuncheng;WANG Peng;ZHAO Wenxuan;ZOU Wanqiang;Huaneng Yimin Coal Power Co.,Ltd.;Beijing Huaneng Xinrui Control Technology Co.,Ltd.;
In order to further improve the automation and intelligence level of open-pit mining operations, reduce the labor intensity of self-moving crusher drivers, and improve the working environment, an image recognition based automatic speed regulation and block recognition method for the crusher plate feeding device is proposed. This method collects, processes, and stores real-time panoramic images of the crusher's feeding hopper. After filtering, convolutional neural network algorithms are used to extract image detail features.The improved YOLOv5 algorithm framework is used to calculate the coal quantity and category characteristics of the feeding hopper.Finally, the minimum distance classification algorithm is used to obtain the coal quantity category of the feeding hopper, and to determine whether there are large coal blocks in the feeding hopper to avoid blocking the plate feeding device. Using the above method, a visual detection system for coal quantity and large blocks in the receiving hopper is constructed,and the real-time coal quantity and large block results of the receiving hopper are sent to the PLC of the crusher. The PLC adjusts the speed of the plate feeding device to prevent situations where the feeding hopper is empty or overflowing, as well as large block blockage,which affects production efficiency.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 911K] - JIAO Xianyang;ZHANG Mai;HAN Xiaoqiang;MA Tengfei;Laizhou Yatong Heavy Equipment Co.,Ltd.;Guoneng Shendong Coal Group Intelligent Technology Center;
Mechanical stirring during the flotation conditioning process is a commonly employed and efficient method to enhance the effectiveness of slurry conditioning. However, excessive stirring intensity can lead to the desorption of collectors from the surfaces of coal slurry particles, thereby compromising the conditioning efficacy. Determining the optimal range of stirring intensity to enhance conditioning performance is a pressing challenge. In order to explore the influence of stirring speed on the adsorption rate of coal oil and investigate the desorption behavior of coal oil on the surface of coal slurry, experiments were conducted. Adsorption rates were measured and calculated using a UV spectrophotometer. A self-constructed desorption test apparatus and a high-speed motion capture system were employed to study the contact angle, adsorption area, deformation degree, and the forces acting on adsorbed oil droplets under stirring conditions. The research findings indicate that stirring speed significantly impacts the adsorption rate of coal slurry. With increasing stirring speed, the adsorption rate exhibits three distinct phases: increase, decrease, and stabilization. The maximum adsorption rate of 78.37% is observed at a speed of 800 r/min, highlighting the crucial role of optimal stirring speed in conditioning. Both excessively high and low speeds are detrimental to the conditioning process. As stirring speed increases, the contact angle and contact area of adsorbed oil droplets also increase, leading to an enhanced adsorption effect. Furthermore, the deformation degree of oil droplets increases with rising speed,accompanied by a reduction in stability.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 898K] - MA Xu;WANG Wenlong;LIU Feng;General Technology Group Engineering Design Co., Ltd.;Shandong Energy Group Yankuang Energy Group Co., Ltd.Coal Preparation Management Center;
There are three washed product lines in Yingpanhao Coal Preparation Plant, including two truck loading lines and one train collection station. The original sampling method involved manual shoveling of coal at the head of the belt conveyor, which posed issues such as poor working environment, insufficient representativeness of coal samples, high safety risks, and lack of process control. Through research on intelligent sampling and preparation systems, an intelligent system was designed for the plant. By replacing manual sampling with automatic machine sampling, workers no longer need to handle coal samples. The machine system can precisely control sampling time, quantity, etc., demonstrating better representativeness than manual sampling. Meanwhile, employee work intensity, working environment, and safety risks have been significantly improved.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1385K] - YU Weijiang;GAO Jinlong;CAI Mingxiang;MAIWULANIJIANG Moheter;ZHANG Bo;Xinjiang Energy Co.,Ltd.,CHN Energy;Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education,China University of Mining and Technology;
Apparent viscosity is a fundamental property of fluids and a crucial factor influencing particle motion behavior in gas-solid fluidized dry separation processes. The apparent viscosity of binary mixed heavy media formed by magnetite powder and coal powder with varying content was studied using the falling sphere method. Furthermore, separation experiments were conducted to explore the coal separation efficiency and effectiveness under different viscosity conditions. The results indicate that the apparent viscosity of the fluidized bed decreases as the mass fraction of magnetite powder in the binary mixed heavy media decreases, with an average reduction of 0.12Pa·s for every 2% increase in coal powder content. As the operating gas velocity increases from 9.5 cm/s to 12.2 cm/s, the apparent viscosity drops by approximately 55%. Based on the experimental results, the apparent viscosity model for binary mixed heavy media was modified. At a constant bed density, differences in apparent viscosity exist under various operating conditions. An increase in apparent viscosity not only prolongs the settling time of coal particles of various sizes but also enlarges the potential deviation in separation. In summary, regulating the viscosity characteristics of binary heavy media during gas-solid fluidized bed separation can enhance separation effectiveness and efficiency, achieving efficient dry separation of minerals.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 919K] - GAO Pingxiao;WEN Zhanwen;CHEN Wanbo;SUN Yinhui;LIU Hongmei;YANG Yong;GUO Zhibin;Coal Washing Branch of CHN Energy Baotou Energy Co.,Ltd.;Wuhan Design and Research Institute, China Coal Technology and Engineering Group;School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Minig and Technology;
In view of the fact that the object in the dense medium separation process generally has complicated characteristics, such as multivariate coupling, nonlinearity, multiple working conditions and time-varying, and the ash content is difficult to detect online and cannot be fed back to the control system in time. Meanwhile, adopting a single data-driven model is difficult to deal with the object characteristic involving the complex industrial production process, as a result, the prediction accuracy and generalization performance of the established model cannot be guaranteed. A multi-model soft sensor modeling method for dense medium ash content based on robust stochastic configuration networks(RSCNs) and weighted K-means clustering is proposed. Firstly, the selected data set is divided by means of clustering algorithm to obtain a subset of samples, which considers the characteristics of each dimension of samples having different effects on clustering. Then, each sample subset is trained by RSCNs respectively,and to establish the dense medium ash content prediction sub-model. Finally, the final output is obtained by fusing the predicted values of each sub-model. The model prediction results are substantiated using actual industrial process data, the results demonstrate that the proposed method can predict ash content more accurately compared with other algorithms.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1286K] - CAO Yuncheng;LIU Pengfei;FANG Yuanwu;LIU Qiang;XIAN Jinlong;Huaneng Yimin Coal Power Co.,Ltd;Beijing Huaneng Xinrui Control Technology Co.,Ltd.;
The continuous stripping process in open-pit mining has the characteristics of large scale, high production efficiency, and low transportation costs, and has played a key role in the open-pit mining process. Scientific control and management of mechanical equipment based on the actual geological conditions of open-pit mining sites can effectively improve the efficiency of stripping processes and other operations. In order to further improve the production efficiency of bucket wheel excavator and improve the automation degree of on-site production, the fully automatic control technology of bucket wheel excavator in open pit mine is developed based on 5G industrial Internet, satellite positioning and LiDAR technology. Construct a three-dimensional coordinate system for the stripping working face based on satellite positioning system, and complete the forward and inverse kinematics analysis of the wheel bucket excavator according to the D-H parameters(Denavit-Hartenberg parameters) of the multi-link series robot. By using a control strategy calculation program, the point cloud data collected by the LiDAR device on the stripping working face is fitted in 3D to complete the 3D modeling of the stripping working face. Based on the stripping process of the mining belt, an automatic mining control strategy is generated and sent to the PLC controller in the form of an instruction set to guide the wheel bucket continuous system to complete automatic operations,ultimately achieving the goal of fully automatic control of the wheel bucket excavator.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 823K] - LI Mingli;WU Yupeng;Daliuta Coal Mine of Shendong Coal Group Co.,Ltd.;
To address the issue of the vulnerability of coal mine roadway subgrades, this study investigated the substitution of natural coarse aggregate(NCA) with recycled coarse aggregate(RCA) and river sand with stone crusher dust(SCD) for the production of M-40 grade concrete paving blocks. The mechanical and durability properties of the resulting paving blocks were evaluated. The results indicate that the compressive strength, compressive density, and splitting tensile strength of the SCD-based concrete increase with the increase in SCD content, allowing for the replacement of up to 80% of river sand in conventional paving blocks. Concurrently, the water absorption rate decreases with increased SCD content, permitting a full 100% substitution of river sand in conventional paving blocks. Furthermore,as the SCD content in the concrete paving blocks increases, the ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV) also rises, while the porosity of the blocks decreases. When employed in M-35 grade concrete paving blocks, SCD can fully replace river sand(100% substitution), while in M-40 grade paving blocks, it can replace up to 80% of river sand. These findings align with the writing standards for abstracts in scientific and technological papers.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 696K] - CHEN Gang;CAI Mingxiang;GAO Jinlong;MAIWULANIJIANG Moheteer;ZHANG Bo;Xinjiang Energy Co.,Ltd.,CHN Energy;Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education,China University of Mining and Technology;
The coal resources in China are poorly endowed, with huge reserves of low-quality coal with high water content and high ash content, accounting for about 40% of the original coal reserves. With the promotion of mechanized integrated mining technology, the content of <6 mm fine-grained coal in the raw coal gradually exceeds 50%. The process technology of dewatering and ash removal for synergistic quality improvement was proposed, and the tests of dewatering and drying, dry sorting and quality improvement of finegrained coal with high water content and low quality were carried out. Firstly, the evolution of the liquid bridge between 6 mm isodiameter particles was investigated. With the increase of the liquid bridge volume V, the maximum liquid bridge force could reach 825.16 μN, and the maximum liquid bridge fracture distance could reach 1.368 mm, which was due to the increase of the liquid bridge volume caused by the contact angle hysteresis effect in the process of contact angle advance increase of the initial configuration. With the increase of particle separation velocity v, the maximum liquid bridge force can reach 875.14 μN, and the maximum fracture distance reaches 0.171 mm, which is due to the increase of the advancing volume of the contact angle as well as the slowing down of the backward process of the contact angle produced by the viscosity of the liquid. Secondly, through the hot air drying technology to explore the high moisture content of finegrained coal before and after drying the law of change of moisture content, the larger the particle size of the longer drying time required,3–6 mm, 0–3 mm particles at 120 ℃ complete drying time of 60 min and 30 min, respectively, this is because the larger the particle size of the internal migration path of moisture becomes longer penetration into the surface of the coal is limited, the rate of drying process is reduced. When the drying temperature increases from 80 ℃ to 100 ℃, the moisture content can be removed completely from the remaining 7.18% moisture, the increase in drying temperature at the same time to enhance the temperature gradient between the external environment and the coal, the internal moisture mass transfer rate is increased, so the drying rate is faster. Finally, through the vibration composite force field dry sorting technology on the dewatered coal samples to remove the ash and improve the quality of the test, when the vibration frequency f is 42 Hz, the bed surface gas velocity v A is 7.05 m/s, the material layer in the excitation force and the air flow trailing force under the action of the full loosening, the material density spatial distribution of the material group is ideal, and the upper and lower layers of the ash difference is significant. The vibration frequency has a significant effect on the product recovery rate, when the vibration frequency is 39 Hz, the refined coal recovery rate and yield are 56.56%, 85.28%, the ash content is 12.54%, and the particle mismatch phenomenon is reduced; when the vibration frequency f is 39 Hz and the bed air velocity v A is 8.97 m/s, the separation effect reaches the best, and the ash dissociation degree SA reaches a maximum of 1.896. This technology is suitable for the high water-scarce areas in the western arid and water-scarce regions. This technology is suitable for the purpose of high-efficiency quality improvement of low-quality fine-grained coal with high water content in the arid and water-scarce areas in the west of China, which has the advantages of no water use,low operation and maintenance cost, and remarkable quality improvement effect, and provides technical reserves for the high-efficiency dewatering and de-ash removal of low-quality fine-grained coal in China.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1629K] - BAI Long;SONG Wanjun;ZHOU Enhui;State Energy Group Guoshen Company Shangyuquan Coal Mine;School of Chemical Engineering & Technology,China Uniersity of Mining & Technology;
In the actual sorting process of dry dense medium fluidized beds, significant differences in size, shape, and density of coal lead to variations in the rising and falling speeds of coal with similar densities within the sorting bed, resulting in different sorting effects within the same sorting time, adversely affecting sorting efficiency. Currently, existing research on gas-solid fluidized beds mainly focuses on spherical particles, making it difficult to directly apply these findings to the actual sorting process of coal with diverse shapes. Furthermore,regarding the prediction of coal rising and falling speeds, apart from the model proposed by Terence Smith and others for simple scenarios,there is currently no applicable computational model. To further explore the impact of coal size and shape on its rising and falling speeds and sorting performance in the bed,and to reveal the influence patterns of coal particle size, shape, and density on rising and falling behavior, a series of gas-solid fluidized bed sorting experiments were conducted with coals of different sizes and shapes to obtain the motion behavior of selected coal in the bed. Based on Stokes' law, an empirical prediction model was developed to predict the rising and falling speeds of coal. When the density of the selected coal is outside the bed density ±0.1 g/cm~3, this empirical model aligns well with the rising and falling speed data of different sizes of coal, with a model error of less than 15%, effectively predicting the rising and falling speeds and vertical positions of coal. Additionally, by analyzing the forces acting on coal particles, the influence patterns of the size, shape,and density of selected coal on its sorting efficiency in the gas-solid sorting fluidized bed were revealed. The study found that compared to fine-sized coal, larger coal has a shorter sorting time and higher sorting efficiency, and its actual sorting density is closer to the bed density.Moreover, during the sorting process, the actual sorting density of lump coal exhibits extremely high stability, with the sorting density nearly consistent with the bed density. This makes its sorting effect closer to the ideal state, outperforming similarly sized flat and prismatic coal particles. The research results not only provide a new theoretical basis for gas-solid sorting of coal but also offer important references for improving sorting efficiency in practical industrial applications.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 930K] - SUN Yinhui;WEN Zhanwen;ZHENG Shanshan;ZHENG Haoran;WANG Dewei;WANG Zhengzhong;Coal Washing Branch of CHN Energy Baotou Energy Co.,Ltd.;Wuhan Design and Research Institute,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group;
Dense medium separation is one of the most effective coal washing technologies, and its density loop control directly affects the efficiency of dense medium separation process. In this paper, a nonlinear PID switching controller is designed by considering the density loop of dense medium separation as the sum of the design model of the low order controller and unmodeled dynamics. Firstly, a Broad Learning System(BLS) is introduced to estimate the unmodeled dynamics, and the control error is introduced into the switching index.Secondly, the parameters are designed by a one-step ahead optimal control strategy, which realizes the stable tracking of the dense medium separation density. Finally, Experiments with actual data have been carried out on the density loop of dense medium separation, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 826K] - ZHANG Huwei;WEN Zhanwen;SUN Bingke;SUN Yinhui;GUAN Xiangnan;YANG Yong;Coal Washing Branch of CHN Energy Baotou Energy Co.,Ltd.;Wuhan Design and Research Institute,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group;
Wet coal preparation is the main coal preparation method in China, which results in the mixing of water and coal slurry to form a large amount of coal slurry water during the coal preparation process. The dosing treatment of smile water plays a very important role in coal preparation plants. The accuracy of dosage directly affects the economic benefit of coal preparation plants. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) algorithm is designed for flocculant and coagulant dosing process to achieve the setpoint tracking. On this basis,the problem that model parameters will change due to equipment aging is considered, and the recursive least squares(RLS) algorithm is introduced to identify the system model online. So as to improve the control performance of the system. Experiments have been carried out on a coal smile water dosing process with actual data, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 762K] - WANG Xiaohuan;XIAO Yongfeng;WANG Baodong;National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy,Shenhua NICE,Future Science & Technology City;
Aluminum-extracting residue from fly ash is the waste residue produced by "one-step acid solution of high aluminum ash extraction of alumina", which mainly contains silica, alumina, aluminum chloride, unburned carbon and other substances. At present, the unburned carbon limits the utilization of aluminum-extracting residue from fly ash in building materials. The flotation method is very effective in removing the unburned carbon and reducing the ignition loss of aluminum-extracting residue from fly ash. In order to improve flotation efficiency and look for the optimal dosage of flotation reagents, Six Sigma experimental design and response surface analysis method were adopted to build up the ignition loss model and the unburned carbon recovery model for optimal addition amounts of light diesel oil, oleic acid, No.2 oil and Sodium polyacrylate. The results show the best flotation operating conditions are 4000 g/t light diesel oil, 100 g/t No.2 oil and 500 g/t polyacrylate sodium. Under these operating conditions, the ignition loss of aluminum-extracting residue from fly as is decreased to below 1%, and the recovery of unburned carbon is 83.37%.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 954K] - ZHANG Min;SU Cuihua;National Energy Group Xinjie Energy Co.,Ltd.;
In the critical period of industrial transformation and upgrading in our country, the coal industry is facing deep technical innovation and systemic change. As an important basic industry of the national economy, the intelligent and digital transformation of coal processing has become a strategic proposition to promote the high-quality development of the industry. Shendong washing center as the industry benchmark, keen insight into the limitations of traditional production mode, in recent years in the loading system modernization continues to invest a lot of resources and energy, showing excellent forward-looking and innovative spirit. Through the automatic control of loading chway, intelligent diagnosis of equipment fault, fine upgrading of hydraulic system and continuous optimization of auxiliary system, the enterprise has made significant breakthroughs in reducing manual labor intensity, improving loading efficiency and equipment reliability and other key indicators. These improvements not only reflect the practical value of technological innovation, but also inject new development momentum into traditional coal preparation production. However, in complex industrial production practice, there are still many pain points and development bottlenecks in the traditional loading system that need to be solved. A series of challenges, such as the accuracy of car number and vehicle type recognition, real-time dynamic monitoring of coal stacking status, unattended operation of the whole process, and rapid response to emergencies, have become key bottlenecks restricting the improvement of intelligent level of coal preparation production. In the face of these deep technical problems, the introduction of artificial intelligence technology has brought revolutionary change to the traditional coal preparation production. Cutting-edge technologies such as machine vision, deep learning, and laser radar are gradually becoming important technical support for promoting the intelligent transformation of coal processing, and injecting new innovation vitality into traditional industries. Based on this, selected more than ten coal preparation plants under the administration of Shendong Washing Center as research objects, focused on the key production link of coal loading, and systematically explored the innovative application of artificial intelligence technology in coal preparation production. By introducing advanced machine vision and laser radar and other cutting-edge technologies, aims to break through the inherent limitations of traditional manual inspection and operation mode, and build a more accurate, efficient and intelligent loading condition monitoring and analysis system. This will not only have important practical significance for improving the intelligent level of coal preparation production, but also provide a reference technology path and practical experience for the digital transformation of traditional industrial enterprises, and set a new benchmark for promoting industrial technology innovation.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4197K] - SU Cuihua;ZHANG Min;Shenhua New Street Energy Co.,Ltd.;
Introduced the key production technologies researched and applied by Shendong Coal Group in the construction of advanced intelligent coal preparation plants, and elaborates on Shendong's practice and good application effects in the construction of advanced intelligent coal preparation plants in Shangwan Coal Preparation Plant and Halagou Coal Preparation Plant from the aspects of raw coal feeding, screening and crushing, heavy medium separation, coal slurry water treatment, coal blending, loading and transportation, etc. It summarizes the complete set of intelligent construction technologies for large-scale heavy medium coal preparation plants from the aspects of intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making, intelligent diagnosis, and intelligent management. Focusing on intelligent screening,intelligent sorting, intelligent coal slurry treatment, and intelligent coal blending as examples, this article provides a detailed introduction to the key production technologies for achieving advanced intelligent coal preparation plants.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1484K] - WANG Qing;LI Jingwei;MENG Qingke;LIU Yanhui;LI Yuzhong;WANG Xujiang;WANG Wenlong;MU Lichun;SHI Linxia;Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization,Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, School of Nuclear Science and Energy Power, Shandong University;Guoshun Green Building Tec
In order to develop the carbon mineralization technology of coal fly ash, coal fly ash-based high-efficiency carbon-negative materials were prepared in this study, and the application effect of their mineralized CO_2 products in different cementitious material composites was explored. In this study, the mineralization products were added to the ordinary Portland cement, sulfoaluminate cement and building gypsum building materials according to the substitution ratio of 5% and 10%, respectively, and the mechanical properties and hydration products of the cementitious composite were tested and the microstructure was analyzed. The experimental results show that after carbonization, the AFt and C-S-H, which is easy to carbonize, decreases significantly, and the content of calcium carbonate increases significantly. When the curing reaches 28 days, the compressive strength of the test blocks with 5% and 10% substitution ratios can be increased by 32.5% and 24.2%, respectively, and the XRD results show that most of the CaCO_3 in the composite exists in the form of calcite. In the sulfoaluminate cement composite, the mechanical properties of the mineralized products decreased slightly in the early stage,but when the curing reached 28 days, the compressive strength of the test blocks with 5% and 10% substitution was increased by 9.0% and 14.0%, respectively, compared with the mineralized coal fly ash, indicating that the mineralized coal fly ash could improve the mechanical properties of the sulfoaluminate cement composite in the later stage. In the building gypsum composite, the mechanical properties of the gypsum test block with a substitution ratio of 5% mineralized coal fly ash were improved, and the mechanical properties of the gypsum test block with a substitution ratio of 10% coal fly ash mineralization product decreased slightly, indicating that there was an optimal dosage range. The research results provides theoretical and data support for the building materials utilization of solid waste-based CO_2 mineralized products.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 5120K] - YAN Jidong;SHEN Guoqing;ZHANG Shiping;AN Liansuo;School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University;
Currently, W-shaped flame boilers are commonly used in the thermal power field for difficult to ignite and burn out coal types such as lean coal and anthracite. The high combustion temperature inside the furnace leads to a lack of effective measurement and monitoring methods for adjusting combustion deterioration conditions. A study on the optimization of balanced combustion in W-shaped flame boilers based on acoustic CT was conducted to address this issue. The appropriate temperature measurement surface is selected according to the actual size of the W-shaped flame boiler. The accuracy of acoustic CT temperature field measurement and the feasibility of furnace combustion monitoring are demonstrated through the good correspondence between temperature field and boiler indicators.Based on temperature field information combined with secondary air, oxygen content, and nozzle shutdown, the control and optimization of furnace combustion are carried out, effectively reducing the working conditions of flame deviation and poor combustion in the furnace,and further reducing the content of pollutants such as NO_x, CO, and combustible fly ash in the flue gas.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1276K] - FENG Haijian;LI Yanfeng;Zaozhuang Mining (Group) Jining Qiwu Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.;School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,China University of Mining and Technology;
The existing mineralization process faces multi-dimensional technical constraints: the traditional flotation system lacks an adaptive adjustment mechanism for feed characteristics, and the countercurrent mineralization process has the bottleneck of difficult to synergistically improve the mineralization efficiency and recovery; while the mechanical agitation and jet mineralization methods strengthen the phase-interfacial interaction, but they are accompanied by the inherent problems of high energy consumption intensity and insufficient turbulence field homogeneity. In order to make up for the shortcomings of these three methods, this study proposes a new mineralization technology by introducing turbulence-regulated particles, which can be adapted to the needs of different feed characteristics by adjusting the turbulence intensity, and focuses on the analysis of the effect of turbulence intensity on the mineralization process of fluidized bed flotation. The effect of the new mineralization environment on the coal slurry sorting effect was further investigated by analyzing the effect of changes in apparent water velocity and static bed height on the turbulence intensity. The results show that the newly proposed mineralization environment plays a decisive role in coal slurry sorting, and the adjustments of apparent water velocity and static bed height can significantly change the turbulence intensity, which makes the flotation effect of coal slurry of different particle sizes have differences.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 702K] - ZHAO Jinsheng;XIAO Yongfeng;LIU Huidong;Dananhu No.2 Mine, State Grid Energy Hami Coal Power Co., Ltd.;National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy,CHN Energy;
This study employs bibliometric analysis to investigate the application status and development trends of coal-based solid wastes(such as coal gangue and fly ash) in heavy metal pollution control and soil remediation, based on an analysis of 4175 relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The results indicate that coal-based solid wastes demonstrate significant application potential for heavy metal adsorption, pollutant immobilization, and soil improvement due to their unique physicochemical properties.International collaboration and multidisciplinary research in this field have driven technological innovation. Although coal-based solid wastes have yielded positive results in laboratory and small-scale trials, their long-term effectiveness and technical feasibility in large-scale practical applications require further investigation. Future research should focus on the high-value utilization of coal-based solid wastes,optimization of modification techniques, and the formulation of relevant policies and standards to promote their large-scale application in ecological restoration.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1591K] - ZHAO Le;SONG Wenge;WANG Bin;Shendong Technology Research Institute;
In order to deal with the compound interference in the control of jig air valve opening and improve the separation stability and efficiency, a PID fuzzy compound control of jig air valve opening under the compound interference is proposed. Firstly, based on the jig principle model and knowledge rules, the influence of air valve parameters on key indicators such as bed looseness is analyzed, and the control target is established; Secondly, the PID controller is designed to realize the basic feedback regulation, and the fuzzy controller is constructed to dynamically adjust the PID parameters according to the deviation and change rate, so as to enhance the robustness of the system; Finally, the improved genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the PID fuzzy composite control parameters to improve the control performance. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good dynamic response performance and antiinterference ability, can quickly and stably track the input changes, reduce the overshoot, and improve the sorting accuracy.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 714K] - GUO Jianjun;Shendong Coal Preparation Center;
As the core equipment of gravity beneficiation, the stability of the discharge state of the jigs directly affects the sorting efficiency,product quality, and resource recovery rate. Propose a method for monitoring the automatic discharge status of jigs with binocular vision support. Firstly, establish a binocular vision detection model and improve the accuracy of target detection through binocular vision camera calibration to obtain jigs images; Secondly, combining guided filtering and single scale Retinex model to perform filtering processing on the images of the jigs, eliminating the blurring phenomenon in the images; Finally, the filtered image is input into the global structural information learning network module to mine the prior information of the jig image. The LSTM gating mechanism is used to fully learn the discharge status information of the jig, thereby determining the automatic discharge status of the jig and achieving state monitoring.The experimental results show that the proposed method has good image filtering effect and high state monitoring accuracy.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 716K] - LAN Xiaojin;NIU Chao;CHEN Feiyun;XU Ruipeng;YU Ziyi;Daliuta Coal Preparation Plant,Shendong Coal Preparation Center;
In order to monitor the changes in water level in the air chamber of a jigs machine in real time and accurately, a method for online monitoring of water level in the air chamber of a jigs machine considering multi-sensor fusion is proposed. Firstly, deploy water level monitoring sensors in the air chamber of the jigs. Secondly, by utilizing the state estimation characteristics and relevant historical information of the Kalman filter algorithm, the estimated values of the state are made closer to the true values, completing multi-sensor dynamic data fusion. Considering that serious conflicts in sensor data can cause the fusion results to deviate from the true values.Introducing D-S theory to quantify the inconsistency between data through conflict factors, using improved combination rules to redistribute the weights of conflict data,and arbitrating the preliminary fusion results of Kalman filtering at the decision-making level to achieve conflict data decision-making. Finally, the improved random forest algorithm is applied to achieve online monitoring of the water level in the air chamber of the jig. Experimental studies have shown that the proposed method can obtain more accurate online monitoring results of the water level in the air chamber of the jigs.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 700K] - TAO Yadong;ZHAO Le;CHEN Fan;Shendong Technology Research Institute;
The jigger discharge system has significant nonlinearity,and the coupling relationship between parameters is complex.It is difficult to control the discharge process through a simple mathematical model,so there is a significant time delay in the actual change of discharge quantity.In order to deal with the above situation,a fuzzy cascade PID control method for quantitative discharge of jigs in coal preparation plant is proposed.According to the composition of the jigger discharge system,the gear and rack structure are designed,and then combined with the targeted force analysis,the fuzzy cascade PID controller is designed,so as to complete the self-tuning operation of the fuzzy rule base and control parameters,and realize the design of the jigger quantitative discharge fuzzy cascade PID control method.The experimental results show that the control based on the fuzzy cascade PID principle can adjust the feeding speed combined with the coal particle size and density,and realize the original intention of controlling the jigger discharge process with a mathematical model.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 914K] - NIU Chao;LAN Xiaojin;GUO Zhaoxin;HE Peng;Daliuta Coal Preparation Plant,Shendong Coal Preparation Center;
A fuzzy PID control method for the hydraulic directional valve in the automatic discharge system of a jigs machine is proposed to address the problem of poor discharge caused by frequent start stop of the hydraulic directional valve.Firstly,analyze the working characteristics of the automatic discharge system of the jigs,determine that the bed thickness can be controlled through the hydraulic directional valve of the control system,and use the bed thickness as the system control parameter;Secondly,design a fuzzy PID controller to control the hydraulic directional valve; Finally,the chaos optimization algorithm is used to perform parameter tuning on the controller to ensure its accuracy.The experimental results show that this method has high control efficiency and good control effect on hydraulic directional valves.
2025 S1 v.31 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 814K] 下载本期数据