WANG Changqing;TAN Yuyao;LIN Mingwei;LIU Wenqiang;DENG Lidan;ZHOU Zijian;XU Minghou;

• 1:State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion and Low CarbonUtilization

Abstract：

CO_2 generated by coal-fired power plants could exacerbate the greenhouse effect, so achieving greenhouse gas emission reduction goals is crucial. Carbon capture technology has been identified as a key measure to reduce carbon emissions in the power sector. When mature technologies such as amine scrubbing and oxygen combustion technology are integrated into power plants, efficiency penalty could result in high efficiency penalty(8.0%-12.5%). For this reason, to minimize efficiency penalties and related increased power costs, new carbon dioxide capture technologies have been developed. The calcium looping process is a promising technology that could reduce efficiency penalty to 7%. Due to the high cost of capital, cost-effective technologies with commercial scale have not yet been developed. Before designing and constructing commercial scale devices, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the system behavior under various operating conditions to optimize process parameters and evaluate feasibility. An overview of the available bench-scale and pilot-scale testing facilities worldwide. Characteristics and operating conditions of the testing equipment were summarized, key experimental results were also extracted, indicating that the feasibility of the CaL process has been widely studied in bench-scale and pilot-scale facilities ranging from 1 kW_(th)-1.9 MW_(th). In these CaL systems, the operating temperature range of the carbonator is 600-700 ℃, and the operating temperature of the calciner is 800-1 000 ℃. The CO_2 entering the carbonator comes from the power plant and can achieve CO_2 capture efficiency of over 90%. In addition, adjusting operational design parameters such as CO_2 inlet concentration, carbonation or calcination temperature, etc. will affect CO_2 capture efficiency. In summary, these results provide valuable operational data for the development of future large-scale platforms, which will also be the key to expanding and deploying this technology in future development.

Key Words： coal fired power plant;carbon capture;calcium looping;bench;pilot plant

Abstract:

Keywords:

Foundation: 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(51906078)

Authors: WANG Changqing;TAN Yuyao;LIN Mingwei;LIU Wenqiang;DENG Lidan;ZHOU Zijian;XU Minghou;

DOI: 10.13226/j.issn.1006-6772.23010701

References：

• [1] GRAY V.Climate change 2007:The physical science basis summary for policymakers [J].Energy & Environment,2007,18(3/4):433-440.
• [2] Earth System Research Laboratory,NOAA Research.Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide.[EB/OL].(2012-11-22)[2022-12-10].www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/global.html 2012.11.22.
• [3] BALLANTYNE A P,ALDEN C B,MILLER J B,et al.Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years [J].Nature,2012,488(7409):70-72.
• [4] LACKNER K S.A guide to CO2 sequestration[J].Science,2003,300(5626):1677-1678.
• [5] SCOTT D,HALL C M,G?SSLING S.A review of the IPCC Fifth Assessment and implications for tourism sector climate resilience anddecarbonization [J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2015:1-23.
• [6] 田志杰，汪黎东.全球变暖背景下二氧化碳减排研究初探 [J].产业与科技论坛，2018,17(18):78-79.TIAN Zhijie,WANG Lidong.Preliminary study on carbon dioxide emission reduction under the background of global warming [J].Industrial & Science Tribune,2018,17(18):78-79.
• [7] PIRES J C M,MARTINS F G,ALVIM-FERRAZ M C M,et al.Recent developments on carbon capture and storage:An overview [J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2011,89(9):1446-1460.
• [8] LIU W,AN H,QIN C,et al.Performance enhancement of calcium oxide sorbents for cyclic CO2 capture—A review [J].Energy & Fuels,2012,26(5):2751-2767.
• [9] KANNICHE M,GROS-BONNIVARD R,JAUD P,et al.Pre-combustion,post-combustion and oxy-combustion in thermal power plant for CO2 capture [J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2010,30(1):53-62.
• [10] HU Y,LIU W,WANG W,et al.Investigation of novelnaturally occurring manganocalcite for CO2 capture under oxy-fuel calcination [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,296:412-419.
• [11] YANG Y,LIU W,HU Y,et al.One-step synthesis of porous-Li4SiO4-based adsorbent pellets via graphite moulding method for cyclic CO2 capture [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,353:92-99.
• [12] 郭宇红.燃煤电厂碳捕集技术及节能优化研究进展 [J].山西电力，2021(6):46-49.GUO Yuhong.Research progress of carbon dioxide capture technology and energy-saving optimization in coal-fired power plants [J].Shanxi Electric Power,2021(6):46-49.
• [13] 刘婧，王娜，程凡，等.加速迈向碳中和之碳捕集、利用与封存技术[J].张江科技评论，2021(6):11-13.LIU Jing,WANG Na,CHENG Fan,et al.Accelerating the transition towards carbon neutrality through carbon capture,utilization,and storage technologies[J].Zhangjiang Technology Review,2021(6):11-13.
• [14] BOOT-HANDFORD M E,ABANADES J C,ANTHONY E J,et al.Carbon capture and storage update [J].Energy & Environmental Science,2014,7(1):130-189.
• [15] ZHAO M,MINETT A I,HARRIS A T.A review of techno-economic models for the retrofitting of conventional pulverised-coal power plants for post-combustion capture (PCC) of CO2 [J].Energy & Environmental Science,2013,6(1):25-40.
• [16] 张雷.改性钙基吸收剂捕集CO2/SO2反应特性研究 [D].重庆：重庆大学，2015.
• [17] SUN J,LIU W,WANG W,et al.Optimizing synergy betweenphosphogypsum disposal and cement plant CO2 capture by the calcium looping process [J].Energy & Fuels,2016,30(2):1256-1265.
• [18] 崔家新，王连勇，孙延文，等.利用粉煤灰实现碳封存与捕集的研究进展[C]//第十一届全国能源与热工学术年会论文集.安徽：中国金属学会能源与热工分会，2021:4-8.
• [19] 高书宝，张文燕，王泽江，等.二氧化碳捕集分离与烟气脱钙技术的应用现状 [J].盐科学与化工，2019,48(8):1-6.GAO Shubao,ZHANG Wenyan,WANG Zejiang,et al.Application status of carbon dioxide capture-separation and decalcification by flue gas technology [J].Journal of Salt Science and Chemical Industry,2019,48(8):1-6.
• [20] SYMONDS R T,LU D Y,HUGHES R W,et al.CO2 capture from simulated syngas via cyclic carbonation/calcination for a naturally occurring limestone:Pilot-plant testing [J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2009,48(18):8431-8440.
• [21] HUGHES R W,LU D Y,ANTHONY E J,et al.Design,process simulation and construction of an atmospheric dual fluidized bed combustion system for in situ CO2 capture using high-temperature sorbents [J].Fuel Processing Technology,2005,86(14/15):1523-1531.
• [22] LU D Y,HUGHES R W,ANTHONY E J.Ca-based sorbent looping combustion for CO2 capture in pilot-scale dual fluidized beds [J].Fuel Processing Technology,2008,89(12):1386-1395.
• [23] ANTHONY E J.Solid looping cycles:A new technology for coalconversion [J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2008,47(6):1747-1754.
• [24] SYMONDS R T,LU D Y,MACCHI A,et al.CO2 capture from syngas via cyclic carbonation/calcination for a naturally occurring limestone:Modelling and bench-scale testing [J].Chemical Engineering Science,2009,64(15):3536-3543.
• [25] SUN P,GRACE J R,LIM C J,et al.Determination of intrinsic rate constants of the CaO-CO2 reaction [J].Chemical Engineering Science,2008,63(1):47-56.
• [26] WANG C,JIA L,TAN Y,et al.Carbonation of fly ash in oxy-fuel CFB combustion [J].Fuel,2008,87(7):1108-1114.
• [27] DEAN C C,BLAMEY J,FLORIN N H,et al.The calcium looping cycle for CO2 capture from power generation,cement manufacture and hydrogen production [J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2011,89(6):836-855.
• [28] FAN L S,GHOSH-DASTIDAR A,MAHULI S.Calcium carbonate sorbent and methods of making and using same:US5779464 [P].1998-07-14.
• [29] FAN L S,AGNIHOTRI R,MAHULI S K.Suspension carbo-nation process for reactivation of partially utilized sorbent:US6309996 [P].2001-10-30.
• [30] GUPTA H,THOMAS T J,PARK A H A,et al.Pilot-scale demonstration of the OSCAR process for high-temperature multipollutant control of coal combustion flue gas,using carbonated fly ash and mesoporous calcium carbonate [J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2007,46(14):5051-5060.
• [31] FAN L,GUPTA H,IYER M V.Separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from gas mixtures by calcium based reaction reparation (CaRS-CO2) process:US20130078159A1 [P].2013-3-28.
• [32] WANG W,RAMKUMAR S,LI S,et al.Subpilot demonstration of the Carbonation-Calcination reaction (CCR) process:High-temperature CO2 and sulfur capture from coal-fired power plants [J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2010,49(11):5094-5101.
• [33] MANOVIC V,ANTHONY E J.Thermal activation of CaO-based sorbent and self-reactivation during CO2 capture looping cycles [J].Environmental Science & Technology,2008,42(11):4170-4174.
• [34] ZEMAN F.Effect of steam hydration on performance of lime sorbent forCO2 capture [J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2008,2(2):203-209.
• [35] SáNCHEZ-BIEZMA A,BALLESTEROS J C,DIAZ L,et al.Postcombustion CO2 capture with CaO.Status of the technology and next steps towards large scale demonstration [J].Energy Procedia,2011,4:852-859.
• [36] ARIAS B,DIEGO M E,ABANADES J C,et al.Demonstration of steady state CO2 capture in a 1.7 MWth calcium looping pilot [J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2013,18:237-245.
• [37] RODRíGUEZ N,ALONSO M,ABANADES J C.Experimental investigation of a circulating fluidized-bed reactor to capture CO2 with CaO [J].AIChE Journal,2011,57(5):1356-1366.
• [38] ALONSO M,RODRíGUEZ N,GONZáLEZ B,et al.Carbon dioxide capture from combustion flue gases with a calcium oxide chemical loop.Experimental results and process development [J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2010,4(2):167-173.
• [39] SáNCHEZ-BIEZMA A,PANIAGUA J,DIAZ L,et al.Testingpostcombustion CO2 capture with CaO in a 1.7 MWt pilot facility [J].Energy Procedia,2013,37:1-8.
• [40] GRASA G,MURILLO R,ALONSO M,etal.Application of the random pore model to the carbonation cyclic reaction [J].AIChE Journal,2009,55(5):1246-1255.
• [41] HUANG C M,HSU H W,LIU W H,et al.Development of post-combustion CO2 capture with CaO/CaCO3 looping in a bench scale plant [J].Energy Procedia,2011,4:1268-1275.
• [42] CHANG M H,HUANG C M,LIU W H,et al.Design and experimental investigation of calcium looping process for 3-kWth and 1.9-MWth facilities [J].Chemical Engineering & Technology,2013,36(9):1525-1532.
• [43] CHANG M H,CHEN W C,HUANG C M,et al.Design and experimental testing of a1.9MWth calcium looping pilot plant [J].Energy Procedia,2014,63:2100-2108.
• [44] RUBIN E S,MANTRIPRAGADA H,MARKS A,et al.The outlook for improved carbon capture technology [J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2012,38(5):630-671.
• [45] LASHERAS A,STR?HLE J,GALLOY A,et al.Carbonate looping process simulation using a 1D fluidized bed model for the carbonator [J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2011,5(4):686-693.
• [46] STRELOW M,SCHLITZBERGER C,R?DER F,et al.CO2 separation by carbonate looping including additional power generation with a CO2-H2O steam turbine [J].Chemical Engineering & Technology,2012,35(3):431-439.
• [47] RODRíGUEZ N,ALONSO M,ABANADES J C,et al.Comparison of experimental results from three dual fluidized bed test facilities capturing CO2 with CaO [J].Energy Procedia,2011,4:393-401.
• [48] DIETER H,BIDWE A R,VARELA-DUELLI G,et al.Development of the calcium looping CO2 capture technology from lab to pilot scale at IFK,University of Stuttgart [J].Fuel,2014,127:23-37.
• [49] CHARITOS A,HAWTHORNE C,BIDWE A R,et al.Param-etric investigation of the calcium looping process for CO2 capture in a 10 kWth dual fluidized bed [J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2010,4(5):776-784.
• [50] DIETER H,HAWTHORNE C,ZIEBA M,et al.Progress in calcium looping post combustion CO2 capture:Successful pilot scale demonstration [J].Energy Procedia,2013,37:48-56.
• [51] CHARITOS A,HAWTHORNE C,BIDWE A R,et al.Hydrodynamic analysis of a 10 kWth Calcium Looping Dual Fluidized Bed for post-combustion CO2 capture [J].Powder Technology,2010,200(3):117-127.
• [52] HAWTHORNE C,DIETER H,BIDWE A,et al.CO2 capture with CaO in a 200 kWth dual fluidized bed pilot plant [J].Energy Procedia,2011,4:441-448.
• [53] DIETER H.Design concepts,operating experiences and experimental results of the 200 kWth calcium-looping pilot plant[C]//2nd International Workshop on Oxy-FBC Technology.Stuttgart:Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology,2012:28-29.
• [54] DUELLI (VARELA) G,CHARITOS A,DIEGO M E,et al.Investigations at a 10 kWth calcium looping dual fluidized bed facility:Limestone calcination and CO2 capture under high CO2 and water vapor atmosphere [J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2015,33:103-112.
• [55] HANAK D P,ERANS M,NABAVI S A,et al.Technical and economic feasibility evaluation of calcium looping with no CO2 recirculation [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,335:763-773.
• [56] MASOUD K.Process engineering and development of post-combustion CO2 separation from fuels using limestone in CaO-looping cycle [D].Cranfield:Cranfield University,2011.
• [57] COTTON A.Engineering scale-up and environmental effects of the calcium looping cycle for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture [D].Cranfield,East of England,UK:Cranfield University,2013.
• [58] GELDART D.Types of gas fluidization [J].Powder Technology,1973,7(5):285-292.
• [59] BARELLI L,BIDINI G,CORRADETTI A,et al.Study of the carbonation-calcination reactionapplied to the hydrogen production from syngas [J].Energy,2007,32(5):697-710.
• [60] CHEN H,ZHAO C,CHEN M,et al.CO2 uptake of modified calcium-based sorbents in a pressurized carbonation-calcination looping [J].Fuel Processing Technology,2011,92(5):1144-1151.
• [61] STR?HLE J,JUNK M,KREMER J,et al.Carbonate looping experiments in a 1 MWth pilot plant and model validation [J].Fuel,2014,127:13-22.
• [62] MCGLINCHEY D.Bulk solids handling:Equipment selection and operation[M].UK:John Wiley and Sons,2009.
• [63] STR?HLE J,LASHERAS A,GALLOY A,et al.Simulation of the carbonate looping process for post-combustion CO2 capture from a coal-fired power plant [J].Chemical Engineering & Technology,2009,32(3):435-442.
• [64] NIKOLOPOULOS A,NIKOLOPOULOS N,CHARITOS A,et al.High-resolution 3-Dfull-loop simulation of a CFB carbonator cold model [J].Chemical Engineering Science,2013,90:137-150.
• [65] FANG F,LI Z S,CAI N S.Continuous CO2 capture from flue gases using a dual fluidized bed reactor with calcium-based sorbent [J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2009,48(24):11140-11147.
• [66] 李志新.烟气钙基碳捕集技术实验和模拟研究 [D].杭州：浙江大学，2022.