2024年10期目次

  • Recent advances on calcium looping thermochemical energy storage and its coupling for CO2 capture

    DAI Jinyu;LUO Cong;LI Xiaoshan;WU Fan;ZHANG Liqi;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion and Low Carbon Utilization,School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;

    The principle of calcium looping thermochemical energy storage is to use the reaction of calcium-based heat carrier(mainly CaO) and CO_2 to form a reversible endothermic and exothermic chemical looping cycle.Due to the low cost,wide source,high heat storage density of calcium-based raw materials,calcium looping technology is considered as a very potential thermochemical heat storage technology with good application prospects.In addition,in the process of calcium looping heat storage and release,CO_2 can be captured by carbonation reaction to form a coupling between heat storage and CO_2 capture,which decreases the energy consumption of CO_2capture.However,calcium-based heat carrier is prone to deactivation and abrasion in the process of recycling,and most of research in calcium looping thermochemical energy storage system is still in the laboratory stage.Furthermore,its coupling with CO_2 capture aggravate the sintering deactivation of calcium based heat carrier.In this regard,a lot of basic research has been carried out,and a series of methods have been proposed to enhance the activity of calcium base carrier,reduce attrition and improve the efficiency of calcium looping heat storage.The research progress of calcium looping thermochemical energy storage and its coupling with CO_2 capture technology was reviewed.The research progress of calcium looping technology in recent years was summarized from three aspects:physicochemical properties and modification methods of calcium-based materials,design of calcium looping heat storage and CO_2 capture system,and design of calcium looping reactor,including the calcium looping heat storage assisting solar power generation,the improvement of calcium looping coupled CO_2 capture system,the characteristics and problems of direct and indirect irradiation reactors.At last,the main problems at the present stage and the research direction of this technology in the future was summarized.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2161K]

  • Comparison on the development and policy frameworks of CCUS technology in China and the United States

    SHI Mingwei;GAO Shikang;LYU Haodong;MA Qiao;ZHANG Xian;LI Jia;The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21(ACCA 21);Society Hub,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou);School of Environment,Tsinghua University;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Shandong University;

    Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS) refers to a set of technologies that capture carbon dioxide(CO_2) from sources like energy production,industrial processes,biomass combustion,and directly from the atmosphere.This CO_2 is then transported to suitable sites where it is either utilized or stored,effectively reducing emissions.CCUS plays a critical role in helping countries achieve their climate goals by enabling significant reductions in CO_2 emissions across various sectors.It is an essential technological support for global climate action.After China' s carbon neutrality goal was proposed,the country has established a policy framework relating to the targets.China is actively promoting deep technological innovation and systemic transformation across various industries to meet these climate objectives.CCUS is a major solution for enabling large-scale,low-carbon use of fossil fuels,providing a feasible pathway for deep decarbonization in hard-to-abate industries such as steel and cement.Additionally,it serves as a crucial technology for offsetting residual greenhouse gas emissions in the future,supporting long-term climate goals.To achieve the climate goals of both China and the United States,both countries ultimately need to achieve annual reductions of billions of tons of carbon dioxide through CCUS technology.The United States is currently leading global practice in CCUS development,with relative advantages in policy development,infrastructure,and large-scale project operations.To support its net-zero emissions goals,the U.S.has accelerated the large-scale deployment of CCUS projects through effective fiscal and tax incentives.These experiences provide valuable insights for other countries looking to advance CCUS initiatives.By comparing the potential demand,policies,regulations,and R&D demonstrations in the field of CCUS technology between China and the United States,this article provides references for the development of CCUS technology and its supporting policy environment in China,and proposes potential directions for cooperation between China and the United States in the field of CCUS technology.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1665K]

  • Development trends and technological frontiers of global carbon management

    YAO Yue;LYU Haodong;PENG Xueting;ZHANG Xian;WANG Ying;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University;The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21;School of Environment,Tsinghua University;

    Carbon management technology is an important pillar for achieving the temperature control targets of the Paris Agreement and a key component of China' s technology portfolio for achieving its carbon neutrality goals.Currently,as the demand for negative emissions increases globally,Carbon management will play an indispensable role in proactively managing carbon dioxide emissions from existing plants and facilities,hard-to-reduce sectors,and atmospheric legacy,but there are still some ambiguities and deficiencies in the current scientific understanding and cutting-edge advances in the field of carbon management.This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the connotation and extension of carbon management,technological segmentation,global cutting-edge progress,comparison of development trends between China and the United States,and issues and recommendations.The study summarizes the definition and significance of carbon management,technology system and carbon cycle model;discusses the breakdown of natural carbon management,active carbon management,carbon capture,utilization and sequestration(CCUS) and carbon removal(CDR) technologies;summarizes the current progress of global carbon management frontiers in terms of scientific consensus,technological development and international cooperation;and compares the development of carbon management in China and the United States in terms of emission reduction demand,technological tracking,support policies,and market investment.Finally,the study proposes corresponding measures in terms of scientific and technological research and development,policy incentives,infrastructure,and bilateral and multilateral cooperation.This research systematizes the global carbon management development and technological frontiers,provides reference for the advanced deployment of China's carbon management strategic technology system and the achievement of carbon neutrality goals under the orderly and stable transformation of the energy system.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1595K]

  • Energy cascaded utilization and turbine efficiency of coal fired power plant with CO2 capture

    WANG Runyu;MA Xinqiang;Northwest Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,China Power Engineering Consulting Group;

    Deployment of carbon capture system to coal-fired power plant consumes large amount steam for solvent regeneration and cyclic utilization.Steam consumption reduces the power generation efficiency and output of the plant.The trans-system utilization of energy between power system and carbon capture system is vital to decrease the efficiency penalty.By analyzing the flowsheet model of full-scale flue gas carbon capture and the heat balance diagram of steam turbine units,the effect of carbon capture system parameter selection and waste heat utilization on turbine efficiency of a 630 MW plant were studied by equivalent enthalpy theory.569.18 t/h steam was consumed in full-scale carbon capture system for solvent regeneration,resulting in the decrease of turbine efficiency from 43.84% to35.74%.Utilization of re-boiler condensate waste heat on heating rich solvent,reducing 0.2 GJ/t regeneration duty and saving 43.05 t/h steam consumption,exhibits the same outcomes as on regenerative feedwater heating system,while the former choice can be reached with a simpler system.The waste heat from CO_2 compressor and regenerated gas,which is related to the rich split ratio of carbon capture process,can be recycled by condensate water from turbine to reduce the steam extraction from low pressure turbine to enhance efficiency.The best performance of turbine is reached at mass ratio of 0.2:0.75:0.05(cold rich solvent:rich solvent mainstream:rich solvent heated by re-boiler condensate).Cutting stages of CO_2 compressor increases the recyclable heat at the expense of higher electricity consumption.After optimization,the power generation of a 630 MW plant with full-scale flue gas carbon capture increases from510.09 MW to 528.96 MW.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1676K]

  • Process simulation on chemical looping oxygen uncoupling coal-fired power generation system

    WANG Xiaoyu;ZHAO Haibo;Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control,Jianghan University;School of Intelligent Manufacturing,Jianghan University;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;

    At present,the chemical looping combustion of coal comprises of the following three steps:coal pyrolysis,coal char gasification,and the reaction of coal pyrolysis and gasification products with oxygen carrier.The entire combustion conversion process is limited by the slower coal coke gasification process,which lead to a decrease in combustion efficiency and CO_2 capture efficiency.Because of the oxygen carrier used in chemical looping oxygen uncoupling combustion with the ability to absorb and release oxygen,coal coke directly react with the gaseous oxygen released by the oxygen carrier,avoiding the slower coal coke gasification process and significantly improving the fuel conversion rate.This paper builds a 600 MW chemical linked oxygen decoupling coal-fired power generation system using CuO/Cu_2O as oxygen carrier using Aspen Plus software.Based on the simulation results of the system,energy,exergy,and exergy cost analyses were conducted separately.The results show that the net heat efficiency of the chemical looping oxygen uncoupling coal-fired power generation system is 37.66%;The component with the highest internal exergy loss in the system is the combustion reactor,which accounts for 44.23% of the total internal exergy loss in the subsystem.When only the power generation is used as a product,the efficiency of the chemical looping oxygen uncoupling coal-fired power generation system is 36.27%.If high concentration C0_2 is also used as a product,the efficiency of the system is 40.47%.In the chemical looping oxygen uncoupling coal-fired power generation system,the component with the largest unit exergy cost is the seventh feedwater heater,followed by the fifth LP turbine,condenser,the first HP turbine and air preheater.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1675K]

  • Synthesis of UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles and its application in preparation of mixed-matrix membranes for carbon capture

    CHEN Yijian;SHENG Menglong;LI Qinghua;WANG Zhi;School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University;Chemical Engineering Research Center,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology;State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering,Tianjin University;Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering;

    UiO-66-NH_2 is a typical Zr-based metal-organic frameworks(Zr-MOFs) with considerable application prospect in CO_2adsorption.It is a good filler combined with polyvinylamine(PVAm) to prepare mixed-matrix membranes(MMMs).However,the scaling effect of UiO-66-NH_2 preparation is too obvious to scale it up to more than ten-gram-scale.A series of UiO-66-NH_2 was synthesized by changing the ratio of water-acetic acid.Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),X-ray Diffraction(XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) and BET test were used to characterize the samples.Through the analysis of characterization results,a mechanism for water-acetic acid promotion of Zr-MOFs secondary-building-unit(SBU) formation was proposed,which has guided the hundred-gram-scale synthesis of UiO-66-NH_2 particles.Furthermore,these particles were combined with polyvinylamine(PVAm) to prepare UiO-66-NH_2/PVAm MMMs,whose separation performance were tested using simulated flus gas(volume fractions of CO_2 and N_2 are 15% and 85%,separately).Compared with PVAm membranes,the separation performance of MMMs increases.The CO_2 permeance reaches 1 937 GPU and the CO_2/N_2 separation factor reaches 85.The result of the cost estimation shows that the use of MMMs can effectively reduce the cost of carbon capture and it also has application prospects in flus gas carbon capture.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1937K]

  • Compression heat pump in CO2-MDEA/PZ system for post combustion carbon dioxide capture

    YU Miao;XU Yanjie;FANG Mengxiang;NIE Taotao;WANG Tao;WU Haiqian;ZENG Weiqiang;Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,College of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang Sei-Tech University;

    The high investment,high energy consumption for absorbent regeneration,and high operational costs of current chemicalbased CO_2 capture systems pose major obstacles to their large-scale application.To recover the latent and sensible heat in the steam at the top of the stripper and facilitate the desorption reaction,a process simulation model for CO_2 capture using organic amines based on compression heat pump technology was established using Aspen plus software.This primarily explored the impact of stripper bottom pressure,rich solvent temperature entering the stripper organic working fluid vaporization rate,and process flow on the CO_2 regeneration process.The results demonstrate that the heating coefficient of the organic working fluid R123 is higher than that of R141b and R245fa.Specifically,its coefficient of performance(COP) reaches as high as 2.35,while its exhaust temperature is lower compared to R141b and R245fa.Additionally,the exhaust temperature of R123 is lower compared to that of R141b and R245fa.The compression-type heat pump employs R123 as the circulating process medium,and the heat recovered by the heat pump is utilized to heat the post-heat-exchange rich solution in the lean/rich solution heat exchanger,thereby reducing the energy consumption for the regeneration of the absorbent solution.Considering the regeneration energy consumption of the desorption system,working fluid circulation volume,and desorption efficiency,injecting a 15% rich solvent ratio at the 12th stage position is deemed appropriate.The payback period for the heat recovery process using the heat pump is 0.82 years,demonstrating significant economic value.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1785K]

  • Development and mechanism of amine-functionalized MOF-808 for efficient and stable CO2 adsorption

    SHEN Yao;LU Hengxia;PAN Xingdi;YE Jiexu;ZHAO Jingkai;ZHANG Shihan;Science and Education Integration College of Energy and Carbon Neutralization,Zhejiang University of Technology;College of Environment,Zhejiang University of Technology;

    The amine-functionalized metal-organic frameworks are regarded as promising adsorbents for capturing CO_2 from coal-fired flue gas due to their high porosity,large CO_2 adsorption capacity,and good water resistance.However,the aggregation of surface amine molecules during high-temperature desorption processes leads to a drop in both adsorption rate and uptake.In this study,a novel aminefunctionalized adsorbent was developed by physically encapsulating tetraethylenepentamine molecules into the pores of MOF-808(TEPA@MOF-808) through a simple impregnation method.Compared to pristine MOF-808,TEPA@MOF-808 exhibited a 2.15-fold increase in CO_2 adsorption uptake,along with enhancements of 13% in adsorption rate constant and 498% in adsorption selectivity.After10 cycles,its adsorption uptake only decreased by 10.9%.Thermodynamic analysis revealed a low heat of adsorption of 40 kJ/mol,suggesting a physical adsorption mechanism.~(13)C SSNMR and in situ DRIFTS characterization further elucidated the CO_2 physisorption mechanism of TEPA@MOF-808.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2076K]

  • Mineralization maintenance of steel slag-fly ash solid waste composite alkali-inspired cementitious materials

    SONG Xia;ZHAO Chuanwen;SONG Yujia;GUO Yafei;KONG Xiao;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University;

    Aiming at the problems of steel slag solid waste occupying resources and polluting the environment,the combination of steel slag and CO_2 mineralisation and sequestration technology can achieve the resourceful use of industrial solid waste and CO_2.Through the study of steel slag-fly ash composite alkali-inspired cementitious materials in the natural and mineralisation maintenance conditions,different CaO and water glass dosing,water glass modulus,mineralisation maintenance pressure and length of time on the samples of the carbon sequestration rate and compressive strength of the samples,under the condition that the mass fraction of CaO and the modulus of the water glass of 2.2 are 15% and 4% respectively,it is found that the samples of carbon sequestration and compressive strength of the carbon sequestration rate and compressive strength of the samples are up to 7.86% and 158 MPa,respectively,with the best overall performance.Among them,CaO doping and the carbon sequestration rate of the samples are positively proportional to each other,when the doping mass fraction of CaO was 0,the carbon sequestration rate was only 0.35%.When the doping mass fraction of CaO was increased to 15 %,the carbon sequestration rate was up to 7.86%,which shows that CaO plays a decisive role in the enhancement of carbon sequestration rate.With the increase of mineralisation maintenance pressure,the carbon sequestration rate increases from 4.82%to 7.86%.When the duration of mineralisation conditioning was increased from 0.25 h to 1.5 h,the increase of carbon sequestration rate was 124%.XRD results show that after 28 d of mineralisation maintenance,the diffraction peak of Ca(OH)_2 disappeared and the calcite content increased significantly,which shows that Ca(OH)2 carbonates with CO_2,generating a large amount of calcite with better stability and effectively realizing CO_2 sequestration.The results of SEM test show that a large amount of calcite generated from the samples after mineralisation conditioning is closely attached with C-S-H gel and fly ash vitreous body,which is conducive to the improvement of compressive strength.The pore distribution before and after CO_2 conditioning is determined by mercury compression test.Compared with natural conditioning,the pore space of the samples after mineralisation conditioning decreases dramatically,and the mineralisation products play a good role in filling up,so the strength of the samples is significantly improved.Combined with the economic analysis,it is found that the mineralised steel slag-fly ash alkali-inspired cementitious material has good comprehensive performance and economic benefits.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1991K]

  • Enhanced CO2 mineralization reaction efficiency and evaluation of storage potential in basalt geology

    BAO Qi;ZHAO Wentao;WANG Chunkai;LIU Qi;TIONG Michelle;JING Tieya;YE Hang;YUAN Haowei;WU Shengkun;ZHOU Juan;China Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute;Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute,China University of Petroleum-Beijing;National Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage;

    Basalt mineralization storage technology is an important method in the field of CO_2 geological storage,and it is one of the most promising technologies to achieve safe carbon sequestration,which can be used as an important component of large-scale CO_2 emission reduction.In this study,natural basalt samples from Yangpu,Haikou and Zhangzhou in Hainan Province were collected,and the effects of different temperatures and reaction times on the reaction efficiency of basalt mineralization were explored by high-temperature and highpressure mineralization reaction experiments,and the rock and solution samples before and after the mineralization reaction were analyzed by characterization techniques such as XRD,XRF,ICP,SEM-EDS and CT-scan.The experimental results show that the reaction efficiency of basalt mineralization increases with the increase of temperature and the extension of reaction time,and the reaction process follows a typical dissolution-precipitation mechanism.Among them,the mineralization effect of the samples in Hainan is more significant,which is suitable for large-scale mineralization and storage practice.In addition,based on the experimental data of indoor mineralization,a more reasonable formula for assessing the storage potential is constructed,and the storage potential is evaluated by taking Hainan as an example,and the results show that the basalt in Hainan has a large carbon sequestration potential,and the potential evaluation method has high credibility and applicability.This study provides an important theoretical basis for the development of basalt mineralization storage projects,in order to promote the development of CO_2 mineralization storage technology.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2301K]

  • Technical and economic analysis and inspiration of a large scale CCUS-EOR project

    WANG Gaofeng;LIAO Guangzhi;HU Zhanqun;MA Zhanrong;ZHENG Da;ZHANG Long;FAN Wei;GUO Xifeng;China Petroleum Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development;China Petroleum Oil & Gas and New Energy Branch;China Petroleum Changqing Oilfield Branch;

    Under the premise of carbon neutrality,various sectors of society have high expectations for petroleum enterprises to use carbon for carbon sequestration,but there is insufficient understanding of the economic feasibility of the cross industry,cross regional,and cross departmental large scale full process CCUS-EOR project.CCUS/CCS projects in China have injected over 10 million tons of carbon dioxide into geological bodies such as oil reservoirs,accumulating rich project operation experience.Based on the analysis of the current technological status and maturity of various links in China' s oil recovery CCUS industry chain,it is technically feasible to orderly carry out large-scale and full process CCUS projects in the Ordos Basin.Based on the geological characteristics of regional oil reservoirs,a CCUS rolling construction model for complex oil reservoirs was proposed,which involves learning from experience,engineering construction,project operation,understanding the laws of production,and adjusting development plans simultaneously.Subsequently,the coal chemical carbon source and oil reservoir in the Yulin-Ansai-Dingbian area of Shanxi Province were selected and a 3 million tons CCUS project based on pipeline transportation scheme design and investment estimate were carried out.Using an improved full process CCUS project economic evaluation model,the impact of controllable key variables such as benchmark rate of return,fiscal and financial policies,carbon trading prices,and production uncertainty on the economic viability of large-scale CCUS projects was analyzed and evaluated.The critical benefit of wellhead carbon prices for several large-scale CCUS projects was compared.Finally,proposing a unified economic evaluation benchmark and internal rate of return for each link in the industrial chain is helpful for the cooperation of Three Cross CCUS projects.Implementing green low interest loans can reduce the critical benefit oil price of CCUS-EOR projects.Adopting the policy of "only allowing trading of post CCUS projects,only allowing trading of the lower limit of buried inventory,and requiring green compensation for the reduced buried inventory" can solve the carbon trading dispute of CCUS projects.Strictly selecting CO_2 flooding test areas can further improve the economic efficiency of projects.The above industrialization development policy recommendations are conducive to promoting the large-scale application of CCUS technology in the Ordos Basin.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1625K]

  • Development of CCUS source-sink matching model for Yangtze River Delta under multiple uncertainties

    LI Jizhe;FAN Jingli;LI Kai;WANG Yaxian;WANG Zhi;ZHANG Xian;Department of Earth System Science,Tsinghua University;The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21;School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing;

    Under carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,the Yangtze River Delta region faces emission reduction pressures.Deployment of Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS) projects are crucial for ensuring energy security in the Yangtze River Delta region and achieving the net-zero ambition.CCUS projects faces multiple uncertainties.However,most of the previous research were focused on CCUS source-sink matching with mixed-integer linear programming method.Changes of emission sources,development of technologies and policies were ignored.This may lead to the deviations between the planning results and real-world case.Therefore,a CCUS sourcesink matching model was developed based on interval fuzzy chance-constrained programming methods under uncertainties.A Yangtze River Delta case study will be applied to explore risk management and policy-making decisions.Results show that,for Yangtze River Delta region,the total cost of CCUS projects will be higher than that of deterministic models;when the constraint-violation probability for reduction demands is 40%,the total cost of CCUS projects is the lowest,38.5% of plants have a levelized cost of emission reduction below30 $/t CO_2,and the total mitigation potential will be 5.69 Gt CO_2.Hence,exploring CCUS source-sink matching deployment plans under multiple uncertainties is critical for exploring the tradeoff of risks and benefits.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2022K]

  • Synergistic benefits of CCUS technology in the just transition towards carbon neutrality

    LYU Haodong;LU Xi;ZHANG Xian;State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,School of Environment,Tsinghua University;The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21;Institute for Carbon Neutrality,Tsinghua University;Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies,Tsinghua University;

    Global economic and social development is highly dependent on fossil fuels,particularly in critical sectors such as industry,transportation,and electricity,where fossil fuels remain the primary energy source.However,the associated energy infrastructure continues to emit substantial amounts of greenhouse gases,exacerbating climate change and causing significant impacts on the global climate environment and socio-economic systems.As international concern over climate change intensifies,countries are facing increasing pressure and demand to reduce emissions.How to achieve carbon dioxide emission reductions while ensuring economic development has become a major global challenge.Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS) technology,as an indispensable component of China's carbon neutrality technological framework,exhibits considerable synergistic advantages in enhancing comprehensive ecological and environmental governance,ensuring energy security,fostering green economic development,and advancing social equity and justice.Anchored in strategic considerations for global climate change governance and the promotion of socio-economic development under carbon neutrality objectives,the synergistic benefits of CCUS technology deployment across environmental,economic,and social dimensions were systematically investigated,predicated on the advancement of CCUS technology.The findings indicate that the strategic deployment of CCUS technology can significantly reduce emissions while simultaneously fostering economic growth and social progress,achieving multiple benefits.Specifically,CCUS is expected to lower carbon emission intensity,enhance energy utilization efficiency,and catalyze industry innovation and upgrading.Through policy support and optimized benefit distribution mechanisms,CCUS can promote balanced regional economic development,elevate social equity,and robustly support a just transition.Novel insights into achieving multidimensional synergistic benefits in China's CCUS deployment were provided and theoretical and scientific references for the collective promotion of equitable socio-economic development were offered.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1551K]

  • Assessment of comprehensive benefits of CCUS technology under different coal power retirement paths

    HOU Huiyun;YANG Lin;School of Economics and Management,Inner Mongolia University;Inner Mongolia Institute of Energy and Carbon Neutrality Strategy;

    Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS) technologies are crucial for the decarbonization of the power sector,yet the comprehensive benefits of CCUS under varying rates of coal power decommissioning remain unclear.This study employed the Global Change Assessment Model(GCAM) to integrate coal retirement rates within three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways-Representative Concentration Pathways(SSPs-RCPs) scenarios:SSP 1-2.6(accelerated coal phase-out),SSP2-4.5(gradual coal phase-out),and SSP5-6.0(slow coal phase-out).It dynamically quantified the varying impacts of CCUS technology on the power sector's transition to low carbon using a technology learning curve model.The results indicated that by 2060,all three scenarios would still emit(500-650)million tonnes of carbon,necessitating the early deployment of Direct Air Capture(DAC) carbon-negative technologies.Economically,SSP 1-2.6 proved to be the most costly,being 13.54% and 6.31% higher than SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-6.0,respectively.Overall,by2060,CCUS under these scenarios was projected to alleviate water resource pressures by(2.179-3.824) billion tonnes,reduce CO_2emissions by(685-925) million tonnes,bridge employment gaps caused by coal retirement ranging from 43.74 thousand to 191.33thousand jobs,but it also increased energy consumption by 6.39% to 11.75%.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1828K]

  • Current status and progress of negative carbon emission technologies

    WENG Xiaohan;HAN Tao;FENG Wei;XU Dong;New Energy Technology Research Institute,China Energy;

    Negative carbon emission technology is an innovative approach aligned with net-zero goals,aimed at reducing atmospheric CO_2concentrations,and is a crucial component of China' s carbon-neutral technology system.Negative carbon emission solutions constitute a multifaceted and complex system,among which Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage(DACCS) and Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage(BECCS) are key technologies closely integrated with geological storage to achieve permanent emission reductions.Both of these technologies rely on mature geological storage techniques to securely sequester captured CO_2 underground,preventing its re-entry into the atmosphere and ensuring permanent reductions.This paper details the latest research progress and application status of the rapidly developing DACCS and BECCS technologies.Regarding DACCS. it primarily introduces the two major technologies in DAC—liquid absorption and solid adsorption—focusing on key materials and process technologies.It also analyzes the current application and economic feasibility of DAC technology,summarizes major operational and planned DAC demonstration projects both domestically and internationally,and forecasts the key research directions for DAC in the future,as well as the feasibility of large-scale DAC deployment.In terms of BECCS,the paper outlines the main components of the BECCS technology chain and its basic process flow.It emphasizes the development status of various BECCS technology pathways,including biomass thermochemical conversion and biomass biochemical conversion technologies closely related to fuel products,as well as biomass combustion technology commonly used for power generation.The paper explores the feasibility of deploying BECCS in different biomass energy utilization scenarios,summarizes the current application status of BECCS technology,and lists major BECCS demonstration projects both domestically and abroad.Additionally,it analyzes the economic viability of the technology in connection with the production of green methanol.Based on the actual situation of China's biomass resources,the paper also provides an outlook on the future development of BECCS technology.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1670K]

  • Expert questionnaire study on direct air capture siting conditions

    XIAO Shuxuan;WANG Yuxuan;LI Xiangqian;XIANG Xiaojuan;LI Kai;Center for Sustainable Development and Energy Policy Research (SDEP),School of Energy and mining Engineering,China University of Mining & Technology—Beijing;School of Statistics,Capital University of Economics and Business;

    Direct Air Capture(DAC),as an emerging negative emission technology for removing CO_2 directly from the atmosphere,plays a vital role in achieving global climate goals.However,optimizing DAC siting to support its large-scale deployment remains a challenge.Based on existing literatures,a set of DAC project siting index system was developed,categorized into 4 primary indicators including CO_2 sequestration and transportation,energy supply,environmental characteristics,and social impacts,covering 21 secondary indicators.Using this index system,a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting government officials,researcnd industry experts to assess the significance of these indicators in influencing DAC siting decisions.The findings underscore DAC site selection as a multifactor decision-making process,with significant variations in the importance of different factors for different technology types.For hightemperature absorption technologies,4 primary indicators,ranked by importance,are environmental characteristics,energy supply,social impacts,sequestration and transportation.For low-temperature adsorption technologies,4 primary indicators,ranked by importance,are environmental characteristics,social impacts,energy supply,sequestration and transportation.Notably,temperature is cru cial for siting high-temperature absorption technologies,while land use and relative humidity are critical for low-temperature adsorption technologies.Furthermore,significant divergences were observed among experts regarding certain indicators(such as air quality,nuclear energy supply),indicating insufficient research on how these factors specifically affect DAC performance.Future research should further enhance DAC siting under multi-factor impacts,which is crucial for the large-scale deployment of negative carbon technologies.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1627K]

  • Assessment and prediction of cost for direct air capture (DAC) and its influencing factors

    ZHOU Aiguo;YU Xiaojie;HE Hongxu;XIA Changyou;SUN Yumeng;LIU Muxin;LIANG Xi;China National Petroleum Corporation Science and Technology Association;Guangdong Southern Carbon Capture and Storage Industry Centre;China National Petroleum Corporation's Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) Working Secretariat;University College London;

    Direct air capture(DAC) technology,which captures carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere,is a crucial tool in combating climate change.To quantitatively assess and predict the cost of DAC technology in China,this paper employs a top-down engineering economic analysis approach to develop a DAC cost analysis and prediction model.The study examines two types of DAC technologies:liquid absorption DAC(L-DAC) and solid adsorption DAC(S-DAC).The costs of DAC under different scenarios of deployment scale,technological pathways,and energy types are investigated.The results indicate that the future deployment scale is a key factor influencing DAC costs.By 2060,if the DAC deployment in China is limited to 30 million tons of CO_2 per year,the cost of carbon removal for L-DAC and S-D AC will range from 1 037 to 1 838 yuan/t and 869 to 922 yuan/t,respectively.If the deployment scale reaches300 million tons of CO_2 per year,the costs will decrease to 729-1 237 yuan/t and 543-580 yuan/t,respectively.With a deployment scale of600 million tons of CO_2 per year,the costs will further drop to 655-1 102 yuan/t and 472-505 yuan/t,respectively.Energy-related carbon emissions reduce the efficiency of CO_2 removal from the air by DAC,leading to an increase in the carbon removal cost.When using nonfossil energy sources such as nuclear,photovoltaic,wind,and hydro power,the DAC carbon removal cost slightly increases over the capture cost;however,when using grid electricity or purchased heat,the increase is more significant.By 2060,photovoltaic energy supply presents a more cost-effective option compared to other energy sources.Based on these findings,it is recommended to implement largescale DAC demonstration projects as soon as possible and gradually expand the application scale of DAC to reduce costs through economies of scale and engineering optimization.It is also advised that DAC plants select non-fossil energy sources according to local conditions to reduce carbon removal costs.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1905K]

  • Mercury removal performance of magnetic biochar by acid gas during oxyfuel combustion atmosphere

    ZHANG Junfeng;WEI Shuzhou;SUN Daorong;ZHOU Yuming;XIAO Rihong;XIONG Zhuo;ZHANG Junying;ZHAO Yongchun;National Energy Sanhe Power Generation Co.,Ltd.;Hebei Province Coal-fired Power Station Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Innovation Center;National Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion and Low Carbon Utilization,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;

    Magnetic biochar has been proven to be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of elemental mercury(Hg~0).However,SO_2、NO and HCl are acid components of the oxyfuel combustion flue gas,and their roles in magnetic biochar removal of Hg~0 have not been determined.By simulating an experimental setup with oxyfuel combustion atmosphere,the effects of acidic gas concentration on the adsorption and oxidation efficiencies of Hg~0 at different reaction temperatures,as well as the thermal regeneration cycling performance of magnetic biochar,were thoroughly investigated.The results showed that 0.4% SO_2 promoted the adsorption of Hg~0 by magnetic biochar with 93.5% Hg~0 removal at 120℃,but higher concentrations of SO_2(>0.4%) produced an inhibitory effect and promoted the oxidation of a small amount of Hg~0,which partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of SO_2 on the adsorption of Hg~0.Meanwhile,NO shows a similar pattern in oxyfuel combustion atmosphere.Gaseous HCl is an important accelerator,and the mercury removal rate in the presence of0.02% HCl is close to 100%,which counteracts the adverse effects of flue gas components.However,the pattern of action of SO_2 on Hg~0 removal from magnetic biochar at high temperatures was similar to that at 120 ℃.At 350 ℃,1.6% SO_2 inhibited Hg~0 adsorption even more,with an adsorption efficiency of only 19.5%,which was lower than the efficiency of Hg~0 oxidation,and mainly generated more oxygen-containing functional groups such as C=O;NO also showed strong inhibition at high temperatures,and the rate of mercury removal gradually decreased with increasing NO concentration,with the lowest rate dropping to about 50%.It can be seen that high temperature and high concentration of SO_2 and NO are unfavorable for magnetic biochar mercury removal.In addition,the magnetic biochar deactivated by mercury removal has excellent thermal regeneration stability,with about 80% mercury removal efficiency after thermal regeneration at 450℃ and cycling four times.

    2024 10 v.30;No.170 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1897K]
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